Aluminium Qib thiab Cov Yam ntxwv
Kev faib tawm ntawm Aluminium Phaj Cov Qib Raws Li Cov Hlau Sib Txawv Muaj nyob rau hauv Cov Phaj Txhuas, aluminium phaj tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke 9 pawg, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua 9 series. Hauv qab no yog ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam qhia.
1.1000 series sawv cev 1050 1060 1070 1000 series ntawm aluminium lub phaj tseem hu ua ntshiab txhuas phaj, Ntawm tag nrho cov Series, 1000 series belongs rau cov koob nrog cov ntsiab lus txhuas aluminium. Lub purity tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 99.00%. Vim tias nws tsis muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus, Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi yog tus nqi pheej yig. Nws yog feem ntau siv cov koob hauv cov kev lag luam pa ntawm tam sim no. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev ncig ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv khw yog 1050 thiab 1060 series. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Aluminium cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub 1000 series aluminium phaj yog txiav txim siab raws li ob qho kawg ntawm cov lej tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, Qhov kawg ob yam zauv ntawm cov zauv 1050 Series yog 50. Raws li cov thoob ntiaj teb hom npe, Cov ntsiab lus txhuas yuav tsum ncav cuag 99.5% lossis ntau dua los tsim nyog raws li cov khoom lag luam. kuv lub teb chaws aluminium alloy kev ua qauv (GB / T3880-2006) kuj meej meej stipulates uas cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntawm 1050 yuav tsum ncav cuag 99.5%. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, Aluminium cov ntsiab lus ntawm 1060 series cov phaj txhuas yuav tsum ncav cuag ntau dua 99.6%.
2.2000 series aluminium phaj sawv cev rau 2A16 (Ly16) 2A06 (Ly6) 2000 series aluminium phaj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawv tawv, Ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, txog 3-5%. Cov 2000 series aluminium phaj yog rau aviation aluminium, uas tsis nquag siv nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam pa ntawm tam sim no. Nyob rau tam sim no, Muaj tsawg dua cov tuam ntxhab tsim khoom lag luam 2000 series Aluminium nplooj ntawv hauv peb lub tebchaws. Qhov zoo tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws. Tam sim no muaj cov nplooj ntawv txhuas yog feem ntau muab los ntawm South Kauslim thiab cov tuam ntxhab German. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws lub teb chaws kev lag luam, Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm 2000 series txhuas daim hlau yuav tau ntxiv lawm.
Peb. 3000 series aluminium phaj sawv cev 3003 3003 3A21 feem ntau. Nws tseem tuaj yeem hu tau anti-xeb aluminium phaj. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm 3000 series aluminium phaj hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog zoo heev. Cov 3000 series aluminium phaj yog tsuas yog muaj li ntawm manganese. Cov ntsiab lus yog nruab nrab ntawm 1.0-1.5. Nws yog ib qho kev sib tw zoo dua los tiv thaiv xeb ua haujlwm. Ib txwm siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig vaum xws li cua txias, tub yees, thiab undercarriages, Tus nqi siab dua 1000. Nws yog ib feem ntau siv alminy series.
Plaub. Cov 4000 series aluminium phaj yog sawv cev los ntawm 4a01 4000 series aluminium phaj, uas belongs rau cov koob nrog cov ntsiab lus silicon siab. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus silicon yog nruab nrab 4.5-6.0%. Nws belongs rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim, Neeg kho tshuab qhov chaw, Forging Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Vuam cov ntaub ntawv; Tsawg melting point, Zoo Corrosion Kuj Raug Cov Khoom Piav Qhia: Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cua sov ua kom tsis taus thiab hnav tsis kam.
5. Cov 5000 series ntawm aluminium Phaj belongs rau cov feem ntau siv Alloy txhuas phaj series, Lub ntsiab keeb yog magnesium, thiab cov ntsiab lus magnesium yog nruab nrab 3-5%. Nws tseem tuaj yeem hu ua aluminium-hlau nplaum alloy. Lub ntsiab nta yog tsawg kawg, siab tensile zog thiab siab elongation. Nyob hauv tib thaj chaw, Qhov hnyav ntawm txhuas-magnesium alloy yog qis dua lwm cov koob. Yog li ntawd, Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv kev tsav dav hlau, xws li cov dav hlau roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws tseem dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam pa. Kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis yog txuas ntxiv casting thiab dov, uas belongs rau cov koob ntawm kub-rolled aluminium daim hlau, Yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau oxidation sib sib zog nqus ua. Hauv kuv lub tebchaws, tus 5000 Series Aluminium phaj belongs rau ib qho ntawm ntau paub qab heev txhuas phaj series.
6. Cov 6000 series sawv cev 6061, uas feem ntau muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov magnesium thiab silicon, yog li qhov zoo ntawm cov 4000 series thiab 5000 series yog feeb. 6061 yog khaub thuas-ua tiav txhuas forged khoom, Haum rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj cov peev txheej siab tsis kam thiab oxidation tsis kam. Zoo ua haujlwm, Cov yam ntxwv sib txuas zoo heev, Yooj Yim, Zoo Txheej Txheem. Tuaj yeem siv rau cov riam phom siab tsis tshua muaj siab thiab cov dav hlau txuas. Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm 6061: Cov yam ntxwv sib txuas zoo heev, Yooj Yim, siab zog, Zoo ua haujlwm, thiab muaj zog corrosion tsis kam. Raug siv ntawm 6061 aluminium: Dav hlau nres, Koob Yees Duab, couplers, Marine Accessories thiab kho vajtse, Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab pob qij txha, Hniav lossis ntau yam kho vajtse, Pob Khawm, Sib Nqus Hau, Nres Pistons, Hydraulic Pistons, Hluav Taws Xob Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Li qub thiab Valve Qhov .
Xya. Cov 7000 series sawv cev ntawm qhov ntawd 7075 mas muaj zinc. Nws kuj yog rau txoj kev ua aviation series. Nws yog aluminium-zinc-duinc-tooj liab alloy. Nws yog lub tshav kub-kho kom zoo. Nws belongs rau salhard txhuas alloy thiab muaj kev coj zoo. Tuab 7075 Aluminium phaj yog txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb nres, uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tsis muaj hlwv thiab impurities. Lub siab thermal conductivity ntawm lub 7075 Aluminium phaj tuaj yeem ua kom lub sijhawm thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog tias lub hardness yog siab. 7075 yog lub siab-hardness, siab-muaj zog aluminoy alloy, uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau cov qauv thiab yav tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev ntxhov siab cov qauv thiab cov pwm tsim nrog lub zog siab thiab muaj zog corrosion tsis kam. Tam sim no tsis ntseeg siab rau kev lag luam, Kuv lub teb chaws cov thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau txhim kho.
8. Cov feem ntau siv 8000 Series yog 8011, uas belongs rau lwm koob. Cov phaj txhuas uas nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom lub raj mis lub kaus mom kuj tau siv rau hauv radiators, Feem ntau ntawm cov uas yog aluminium ntawv ci. Tsis tshua siv.
Aluminium thiab nws cov alloys
1. Ntshiab aluminium
Aluminium (aluminium, aluminium) yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntom ntom ntawm 2.72g / cm3, uas tsuas yog hais txog 1/3 ntawm qhov ntom ntawm hlau lossis tooj liab. Zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal siv, thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj thiab tooj liab. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm aluminium yog qhov nquag heev. Hauv huab cua, Qhov saum npoo ntawm txhuas tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog oxygen los ua ib zaj duab xis al2o3 tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntxiv ntawm txhuas. Yog li ntawd, aluminium muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj hauv huab cua thiab dej, Tab sis txhuas tsis muaj cov kua qaub, alkali, thiab ntsev corrosion.
Aluminium muaj lub ntsej muag-nruab nrab ntawm qhov cubic lattice, zoo heev yas (d = 50%, ψ = 80%), thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv xaim, daim hlau, strips, Cov kav dej thiab lwm cov profiles los ntawm kev kub siab lossis kub ua haujlwm, Tab sis lub zog tsis yog siab, σB = 80mpa , Tom qab ua haujlwm txias, σB = (150 Tom mu 250) MPa. Yog li ntawd, ntshiab txhuas feem ntau yog siv los ua cov xov hlau, kab, khoom qhia txog dab neeg, thiab cov kev xav tau txhua hnub lossis cov alloys uas yuav tsum muaj hlau stainless, corrosion kuj, thiab tsawg zog zog yuav tsum tau ua.
Muaj Ntshiab Aluminium (Kev Lag Luam Purity Aluminium) tsis yog ntshiab li chemically ntshiab aluminium, nws muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg dua impurities (xws li fe, Thiab, lwm.). Qhov ntau impurities muaj nyob rau hauv txhuas, Qhov qis dua nws cov hluav taws xob conduction, thermal conductivity, atmospheric corrosion tsis kam thiab muaj kev sib zog.
Cov qib ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntshiab txhuas tau tso ua ke raws cov kev txwv ntawm impurities, xws li L1, L2, L3… L yog cov suav cov lus qhia txog lo lus “aluminium”, thiab qhov loj dua cov cim ua ntu zus txuas nrog thereto, qhov qis dua cov kev coj dawb huv.
2. Aluminium alloy
Lub zog ntawm ntshiab aluminium yog tsawg heev, Yog li nws tsis haum rau cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws lub zog, txoj kev zoo tshaj yog ntxiv cov ntsiab lus, Xws li Si, Cu, Mg, Mn, lwm., los ua aluminium alloy (aerolite). Cov no alloys muaj siab muaj zog thiab tsis tshua muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog tshwj xeeb (uas yog, qhov piv ntawm lub zog txwv rau qhov ntom ntom) thiab zoo thermal conductivity thiab corrosion tsis kam.
(1) Kev faib tawm aluminium alloys
Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm aluminium alloys, Txhuas alloys tuaj yeem faib ua ob hom: deformed aluminium alloys thiab nrum aluminium alloys.
Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas thaum lub alloy nrog ib qho kev sib xyaw tsawg dua D / Point tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv siv daws thaum muaj cua sov, Nws muaj cov ntshiab zoo thiab haum rau kev ua siab, Yog li nws hu ua deformed txhuas alloy. Yog tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm deformed txhuas alloy tsawg dua li tus f point, Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nws cov kev daws teeb meem tsis hloov nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub, Vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov, Nws yog hu ua cov txhuas alloy uas tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov; Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov alloy ntawm F thiab D /, nws cov kua daws tau cov kua ntau yam nws hloov nrog kev hloov ntawm qhov kub, Yog li nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov, Yog li nws yog hu ua aluminium alloy uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Alloys nrog muaj pes tsawg dua d / taw tes muaj lub ntsiab lus tsawg dua eutectic qauv, Zoo fluidity, thiab haum rau casting. Lawv hu ua cam cam txhuas alloys, Tab sis lawv tsis haum rau kev ua siab.
Deformable Txhuas Alloys kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txhuas, duralumin, super duralumin thiab wrought aluminium raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Nrum aluminium alloys kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib ua: Al-muaj, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Zn, lwm. Raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
(2) Kev kho cua sov cov yam ntxwv ntawm aluminium alloy
Aluminium Alloy tsis tuaj yeem tsuas txhim kho nws lub zog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias deformation ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis kuj tseem ntxiv txhim kho nws lub zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov – “hnub nyoog hardening” txoj kev.
Kev kho cua sov mechanism ntawm aluminium alloy yog txawv ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab quenching, Lub hardness thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau nce tam sim ntawd, thaum lub plasticity txo. Txawm li cas los, Aluminium Alloy uas muaj pes tsawg leeg yog nruab nrab ntawm F thiab D / yog rhuab mus rau ntawm thaj av Ath, ceev, thiab dej-txias thiab quenched, thiab ib qho kev daws teeb meem α α tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm chav tsev kub. Lub zog thiab hardness tsis tuaj yeem nce tam sim ntawd, tab sis cov plastentity tau ua kom zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua quenching lossis kev daws teeb meem. Txij li thaum cov supersaturated daws tau tau tom qab quenching tsis ruaj khov, Muaj ib tug nyiam ua rau precipionate lub theem ob (ntxiv dag zog rau theem). Thaum muab tso rau ntawm chav tsev kub rau ib lub sijhawm lossis rhuab ntawm qhov kub tsawg, Cov atoms muaj lub peev xwm txav nyob rau hauv lub lattice thiab maj mam hloov mus rau lub xeev ruaj khov, ua rau muaj kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv lub zog thiab hardness thiab txo qis hauv cov yas. Qhov tshwm sim uas cov alloy tom qab kev kho ntshav yog ntxiv dag zog rau lub sijhawm hu ua “Lub Hnub Nyoog Muaj Dag” los yog “hnub nyoog hardening”. Kev laus ntawm chav sov yog hu ua kev laus ntuj, Thiab kev laus nyob rau hauv cov cua sov yog hu ua kev laus dag.
(3) DOMMED Txhuas Alloy
1. Anti-xeb Aluminoy
Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab yog Mn thiab Mg. Qhov no zoo ntawm alloy yog ib leeg-theem cov teeb meem tom qab forging thiab annealing, yog li nws muaj zoo corrosion tsis kam thiab zoo plasticity. Zoo li LF5, LF 11, LF 21, lwm. Hom alloy no tsuas yog siv rau dov, vuam, lossis corrosion-resistant txheej txheem kev teeb tsa nrog cov khoom me me, xws li cov roj tso tsheb hlau roj, conduits, cov hlau, Lub teeb-load pob txha, thiab ntau yam khoom noj muaj sia nyob.
Txhua yam ntawm cov tshuaj antator aluminium alloys yog alloys tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Txhawm rau nce lub zog ntawm cov alloy, Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm lub siab txias, uas tuaj yeem tsim ua haujlwm hardening.
2. Hard aluminium alloy
Duraluminium yog qhov tseem ceeb AL-CU-MG Alloy thiab muaj cov mn me me. Txhua yam ntawm duraluminium tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua qub, tab sis lawv cov corrosion kuj tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv, Yog li kev tiv thaiv duraluminium ntu yog xav tau sab nrauv yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm high-purity aluminium kom ua aluminium-clad duralumin.
Lub zog txhuas cov qib siv cov lus Suav Pinyin Prefix “LY” ntawm “Aluminium Hard” thiab cov lej cim, xws li LY1 (rivet nyuaj aluminium), LOJ 11 (txheem hard aluminium) thiab LY12 (high-zog hard aluminium).
Duralumin yog cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom muaj zog, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam aviation thiab ntsuas kev tsim khoom.
3. Super hard aluminium alloy (SD hlau)
Nws yog al-cu-mg-zn alloy, uas yog ua los ntawm kev ntxiv zn ntawm duralumin. Hom no yog tam sim no muaj zog tshaj txhuas nrog lub zog ntau dua, yog li nws yog hu ua Super duralumin. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov xeb tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov artificial kev laus kub tuaj yeem nce lossis aluminium tuaj yeem yog clad.
Qeb ntawm Superhard Aluminium Alloy yog qhia los ntawm Suav Pinyin Prefix “LC” ntawm “Al Chao” ntxiv rau tus lej. Xws li LC4, LC 6, lwm., feem ntau siv los tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb nrog kev ntxhov siab ntau, xws li dav hlau girders.
4. WROUGHT ALOINO ANSOY
Nws yog al-cu-mg-Si alloy. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom alloy ntsiab, Cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua ntu yog me me, yog li nws muaj cov thermoplastic thiab corrosion tsis kam, thiab nws lub zog yog piv rau qhov uas duralumin. Lub zog tuaj yeem nce ntxiv tom qab quenching thiab laus.
Cov qib ntawm wrought aluminium alloy yog qhia los ntawm Suav Pinyin Prefix “LD” ntawm “Aluminium Forging” ntxiv rau tus lej cim, zoo LD5, LD 7, lwm. Vim nws cov kev ua tau zoo, Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev zam txim lossis tuag Nco thiab tuag uas ris cov thauj khoom hnyav rau ntawm cov dav hlau lossis cov khoom siv roj diesel.
(4) Nrum Txhuas Alloy (Nrum Txhuas Alloy)
Muaj ntau hom cam khwb cia aluminium alloys. Ntawm lawv, Aluminium alloys muaj cov khoom zoo, muaj zog txaus, thiab tsawg ceev, thiab yog cov feem ntau siv, accounting rau ntau tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrho cov zis ntawm cam khwb cia aluminium alloys. Thiab (10-13)% Al-Si Alloy yog cov feem ntau cov txheej txheem aluminium-silicon alloy, uas belongs rau eutectic muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab feem ntau hu ua “Silicon Alloy Alloy”.
Qeb ntawm cam khwb cia txhuas alloy yog sawv cev los ntawm Suav pinyin predix ntawm “ZHU” + Al + Lwm cov cim tseem ceeb thiab feem pua. Piv txwv li, Zalsi12 sawv cev rau nrum al-Si alloy muaj 12% Thiab. Lub npe code ntawm Alloy yog sawv cev los ntawm Suav Pinyin Prefix “ZL” ntawm “cam khwb cia aluminium” ntxiv rau peb tus lej. Thawj tus lej taw qhia txog cov qeb alloy, thiab tus lej thib ob thiab tus lej thib peb qhia tias tus lej ntawm cov alloy. Piv txwv Zl102 sawv cev tsis muaj. 2 Al-Si Cam Nras Xais Alloy.
Nrum aluminium alloys feem ntau siv los ua qhov chaw nrog lub teeb hnyav, corrosion kuj, cov duab nyuaj thiab qee yam khoom siv mechanical.