3000 usoro aluminum mpempe akwụkwọ efere alloy metal
I. Isi ihe Sayensị ihe onwunwe na Ndokwa Alloy
1.1 Usoro nhazi na ime ka alloy dị ike
Nke 3000 usoro aluminum alloy bụ nke Aluminom-Manganese (Al-Mn) usorona nkewa dị ka a aluminom alloy na-adịghị agwọ ọrịana mba ụwa alloy designation usoro. Usoro isi ike ya dabere na siri ike ngwọta ikena M na-emegharị ike (ịrụsi ọrụ ike).
N'usoro isiokwu a, manganese (Mn) na-eje ozi dị ka isi alloying element. Oghere atọm ya dị ukwuu karịa nke aluminom (Al). Mgbe atọm Mn gbazere n'ime lattice cubic nke dabere na ihu nke matriks aluminom, ha na-eme ka lattice agbagọ. Ọ bụghị naanị na mgbagha a na-egbochi mmegharị mmegharị ahụ, si otú a na-amụba ike mkpụrụ na ike tensile n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ, ma n'ihu mma n'ozuzu n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe site nụchaa ọka Ọdịdị.
1.2 Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ isi
- Njupụta: Odika 2.73 g/cm³ (dịtụ elu karịa 2.70 g/cm³ maka aluminom dị ọcha).
- Oke agbaze: Ihe dịka 643°C – 654Celsius C.
- Nrụpụta okpomọkụ: Odika 192 W /(M ·), na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ngwa nkwụsị ọkụ.
- Njirimara Electrochemical: Ebe ọ bụ na ọkọlọtọ electrode ike nke manganese (-1.18V) dị nso na nke aluminom (-1.66V), ngwọta siri ike e guzobere n'etiti ha adịghị emepụta ihe dị ịrịba ama nwere ike ime n'oge corrosion electrochemical. Nke a na-enye 3000 usoro aluminum alloys magburu onwe microstructural eguzogide corrosion mpaghara (dị ka pitting na crevice corrosion).
Ami. Ntụle omimi nke akara ule isi na ntụnyere paramita
Nke 3000 usoro gụnyere ọtụtụ akara ule ewepụtara. A na-ekpebi ihe dị iche na arụmọrụ ha site na nha nke ihe ndị a chọpụtara (dị ka magnesium, kopa, na silicon). Ihe na-esonụ bụ nyocha miri emi nke akara ule ndị bụ isi na ntụnyere oke nju.
2.1 Ntụnyere njirimara ọkwa ọkwa
| Greedi | Isi ihe mejupụtara | Njirimara akụrụngwa isi | Ndokwa ngwa ngwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3003 | Mn (1.0~1.5%) | Kachasị mma mkpokọta formability. Nwee ọmarịcha ihe osise miri emi na ductility. | Achịcha, ntù mgbanwe okpomọkụ, mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, akara okporo ụzọ, akụkụ stampụ. |
| 3004 | Mn (1.0~1.5%) + Mg (0.81.3%) | Ọkara-Ike Dị Elu. Mgbakwunye nke magnesium na-enye ike ngwọta siri ike siri ike. | Ihe ọṅụṅụ nwere ike ahụ, elu ụlọ elu ụlọ / mgbidi, ìhè reflector mkpuchi. |
| 3104 | Mn (0.81.4%) + Mg (0.81.3%) | Balance nke elu formability na ike. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji usoro nhazi mgbidi siri ike. | A na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ canning (E.G., ihe ọṅụṅụ nwere ike ozu). |
| 3105 | Mn (0.3~0.8%) + Mg (0.2~0.8%) + Ku (0.05~0.25%) | Mmanya mkpuchi mkpuchi elu. Ezigbo Udo, ike na-agafeghị oke. | Sistemụ mkpuchi ụlọ / mgbidi ụlọ, uko ụlọ, kpuo ìsì, KA KA EGO. |
| 3005 | Mn (1.0~1.5%) + Mg (0.2~0.6%) | Na-ewelite nguzogide corrosion. Ike dị elu karịa 3003, ezigbo mkpuchi. | Ụlọ mgbidi dị n'èzí, Ihe nkwado AC radiator, atụ ogho akụkụ. |
2.2 Tebụl atụnyere ihe akụrụngwa zuru ezu
Dee: Data ndị a bụ ụkpụrụ nkịtị; arụmọrụ n'ezie na-emetụta teknụzụ nhazi na ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
| Alloy ọkwa | Iwe | Ike ọdụdọ (MPa) | Mpụta Ike (MPa) | Elongation na ezumike (%) | Isi ike (HB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3003 | O | 95 – 130 | Ro 35 | Ro 25 | 28 – 35 |
| H14 | 140 – 180 | Ro 115 | Ro 8 | 40 – 50 | |
| H18 | 185 – 220 | Ro 165 | Ro 4 | 55 – 65 | |
| 3004 | O | 150 – 200 | Ro 60 | Ro 17 | 45 – 55 |
| H34 | 220 – 270 | Ro 170 | Ro 8 | 65 – 75 | |
| H38 | 290 – 340 | Ro 250 | Ro 4 | 85 – 95 | |
| 3105 | O | 90 – 150 | Ro 35 | Ro 20 | 25 – 35 |
| H24 | 130 – 180 | Ro 105 | Ro 8 | 40 – 50 | |
| 5052 (Otu njikwa) | H32 | 210 – 260 | Ro 130 | Ro 12 | 60 – 70 |
Adii. Microstructure na omume ime ka ọrụ sie ike
3.1 Ịrụsi ọrụ ike Exponent (n-uru) na Plastic Strain Ratio (r-uru)
Abụọ isi ihe parameters dị oké mkpa mgbe nwale akpụ ịgba nke 3000 usoro aluminum alloys:
- Ịrụsi ọrụ ike Exponent (n-uru): 3000 usoro (karịsịa 3003-O) na-egosipụta n-uru dị oke elu, nke pụtara na ka nrụrụ plastik na-abawanye, ike tensile mpaghara nke ihe na-ebili ngwa ngwa. Njirimara a na-egbochi nke ọma “olu” n'oge ịgbatị ma bụ isi ihe na-enweta oke omimi ịbịaru.
- Ratio eriri plastik (r-uru): Na-anọchite anya ikike nke ihe nwere ike iguzogide nrụrụ na ntụziaka ọkpụrụkpụ. The r-uru nke 3003 aluminom alloy na-adịkarị karịa 1, na-egosi na ikike nrụrụ ya n'ime ụgbọ elu ahụ dị elu karịa ikike ịhịa aka ya na ntụzịaka ọkpụrụkpụ. Nke a dị oké mkpa maka imepụta akụkụ stampụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-adịghị agbaji (dị ka arc ala nke cookware).
3.2 Anisotropy na mmetụta ya
N'ihi ọka na-agbatị n'akụkụ ntụgharị ntụgharị n'oge a na-atụgharị ma na-emepụta textures, 3000 usoro aluminom efere na-egosipụta anisotropy doro anya. N'oge nhazi miri emi (dị ka ule cupping), nke a anisotropy na-akpata enweghị oke elu na nsọtụ nke workpiece, A na-akpọkarị dịka “ọla ntị.”
- Usoro njikwa: Site n'ịgbanwe usoro ntụgharị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ tupu ịtụgharị oyi (dị ka mmecha okpomọkụ) na usoro mgbakasị ahụ nke etiti, Enwere ike imebi textures crystallization nke ọma, na-achịkwa ọnụọgụ ego n'ime 3% ~ 5%, si otú a ibelata stamping scrap na imeziwanye ọnụego mkpụrụ.
Eva. Usoro mmepụta isi yana njikwa microstructure
4.1 Nkedo na Homogenization Annealing
- Nkedo oyi na-atụ ozugbo (DC): A na-eji emepụta akwụkwọ mpịakọta ọkụ ọkụ dị elu. Mgbe nkedo gasịrị, A ghaghị ime annealing homogenization okpomọkụ dị elu (na-adịkarị n'etiti 560°C-620°C) iji kpochapụ nkewa dendritic, spheroidize na-abụghị nha nha usoro (dị ka Al₆Mn), ma kesaa ha n'otu ka iji gbochie ihe owuwu gbakọtara n'oge ntụgharị na-esote.
- Nkedo na-aga n'ihu (CC): Igwe a wụrụ awụ na-agbado ozugbo n'ime oghere 6-10mm n'etiti rollers mmiri jụrụ oyi. Usoro a nwere oke jụrụ oyi nke ukwuu (ruo iri-iri Celsius C/sk), na-eme ka ogige intermetallic mara mma, ma ọ na-enwe nrụgide dị ukwuu n'ime ime na nkewa ihe mejupụtara. A na-ejikarị ya maka efere izugbe nwere ihe dị ala maka imecha elu na ịbịaru miri emi.
4.2 Ntugharị oyi na mgbakasị etiti
Ọnụego mbelata oyi na-atụ maka 3000 usoro alloys nwere ike na-erukarị 70%-90%. Ọ bụrụ na annealing etiti (E.G., 300Celsius C-400C) A na-eme ya n'oge ntụgharị oyi nke ọtụtụ ngafe, ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike nwere ike imegharị, iweghachi plasticity na n-uru. Nke a dị oke mkpa maka ihe omimi miri emi chọrọ nrụrụ dị ukwuu (dị ka ngwaahịa ngwaahịa).
V. Mmeputa ihe, Ịmepụta, yana Ntuziaka njikọ
5.1 Ntụnye n'atụmatụ usoro usoro
| Ụdị usoro | Alloy akwadoro & Iwe | Isi Usoro Usoro |
|---|---|---|
| Ihe osise miri emi | 3003-O, 3104-O | Akwụsịtụ ahapụ na 1.1-1.2 ugboro mpempe akwụkwọ ọkpụrụkpụ; ike njide oghere chọrọ njikwa ziri ezi iji gbochie wrinkling; A na-atụ aro mmanụ na-ese ihe dị elu. |
| Ikuku ekwe | 3003-H14, 3004-H34 | Rịọs na-ehulata kacha nta (R/t) na-atụ aro na-achịkwa n'etiti 1.5-2.0. H-tempers na-egosipụta azụ azụ n'oge ehulata; akụkụ akwụ ụgwọ (na-emekarị 2°-5°) ga-dobere. |
| Ntugharị | 3003-O | Kwesịrị ekwesị maka imepụta akụkụ ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dịka oriọna oriọna na nsọtụ ọkụ. Ọnụọgụ nri ekwesịghị ịdị ngwa ngwa ka ịzenarị ọnya elu nke oke ọkụ mpaghara kpatara. |
5.2 Nkọwapụta Usoro ịgbado ọkụ
3000 usoro aluminom alloys nwere ezigbo weldability ma na-adịkarị mfe ịgbawa ọkụ.
- TIG ịgbado ọkụ (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding): A na-atụ aro inye ọkụ AC. Ekwesịrị ịhọrọ waya filler ka ọ dabara na ihe mejupụtara igwe isi, dị ka ER3003 ma ọ bụ ER4043 (ọdịnaya silicon dị elu, ezigbo mmiri, ike mgbape na-eguzogide). Ihe nkiri oxide na uzo na akụkụ abụọ ga-ewepụrịrị nke ọma tupu ịgbado ọkụ (Enwere ike iji brushes igwe anaghị agba nchara).
- MIG ịgbado ọkụ (Gas Metal Arc Welding): Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịgbado ọkụ akpaghị aka nke efere dị oke ibu. N'ihi na elu thermal conductivity nke aluminom, ikpo ọkụ (60Celsius C-100C) achọrọ maka nnukwu efere (>6mm).
- Mgbado ọkụ na-eguzogide (Ntụpọ ịgbado ọkụ/Seam ịgbado ọkụ): Elu nwere ihe nkiri oxide dị elu nke kwesịrị ịdị “gbawara” dị ọcha site na elu ugbu a n'okpuru electrode mgbali. A na-atụ aro electrodes alloy ọla kọpa nwere nsọtụ okirikiri, itinye elu electrode mgbali (mụbaa site 30%-50% tụnyere ígwè).
Vi. Ọdịiche Mmepụta nkịtị na nyocha ọdịda
N'oge nhazi na ojiji n'ezie, 3000 usoro aluminom efere nwere ike izute nsogbu na ngwọta ndị a:
- Stretcher eriri / Ahịrị Lüders
- Ihe omume: Ahịrị diagonal siri ike a na-ahụ anya na-apụta n'elu mpempe akwụkwọ mgbe eserese na-emighị emi ma ọ bụ ekwe.
- Ihe kpatara ya: Ihe mepụtara Lüders bands n'oge akpụkpọ ahụ na-agafe na obere mbelata.
- Ngwọta: Họrọ epekele agbatịrị ụzọ, ma ọ bụ mee 1%-2% obere oyi na-atụgharị (oyi na-atụ nke abụọ) tupu stampụ iji kpochapụ ebe mkpụrụ osisi dị larịị.
- Peel oroma
- Ihe omume: N'elu akụkụ ahụ dị omimi na-egosipụta ọdịdị siri ike dị ka bee oroma.
- Ihe kpatara ya: Mkpụrụ ọka chara acha esichaghịkwa oke, ma ọ bụ nke abụọ frasi ụmụ irighiri ihe na-unnevenly ekesa, na-eduga na nrụrụ na-enweghị nhazi.
- Ngwọta: Rịọ onye na-ebubata ya ka ọ nye ihe ndị mara mma (Attm 1-3 greedi) ma jikwaa nrụrụ stampụ n'ime oke ezi uche dị na ya.
- Nchegbu corrosion mgbawa (SCC)
- Ihe omume: Ọkpụkpụ mgbawa n'okpuru ngwakọta nke nrụgide tensile na mgbasa ozi na-emebi emebi.
- Ihe kpatara ya: Akwụsịghị nrụgide fọdụrụnụ mgbe arụ ọrụ oyi gasịrị.
- Ngwọta: Mee mgbakasị ahụ mgbakasị obere okpomọkụ n'akụkụ arụ ọrụ oyi (120Celsius C-150C, na-ejide maka 1-2 keolechi).
VII. Ọgwụgwọ dị n'elu yana teknụzụ mgbochi corrosion
7.1 Ọgwụgwọ Ntụgharị Kemịkalụ (Chromating / Mmasị)
Tupu eserese, 3000 Efere aluminum usoro na-achọkarị chromate ma ọ bụ usoro ngafe na-enweghị chrome iji mepụta ihe nkiri ntụgharị nanoscale. Ihe nkiri a abụghị naanị na-eme ka ike njikọ dị n'etiti mkpụrụ na mkpuchi organic (dị ka PVDF fluorocarbon agba) iru ọkọlọtọ larịị 0 mana ọ na-emekwa dịka ihe mgbochi na usoro cathodic, na-ebelata corrosion galvanic.
7.2 Anazizinye
Ọ bụ ezie na 3000 usoro anaghị emepụta edo, ihe nkiri anodic na-egbuke egbuke dị mfe dị ka nke 1000 ma ọ bụ 6000 usoro, site pụrụ iche electrolyte formulations (dị ka sulfuric acid ngwọta na-agbakwunyere organic asịd) na AC/DC nwere ike inye ọkụ, 3004 Enwere ike iji alloys rụpụta ihe na-eguzogide iyi, mkpuchi mkpuchi oxide, a na-achịkwa ya na ọkpụrụkpụ 5-20μm.
Vai. Ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide na Usoro Ngwa Frontier
8.1 Ntụgharị okirikiri mechiri emechi yana nyocha okirikiri ndụ (Lca)
3000 usoro aluminum alloys nwere magburu onwe recycling regenerability. Mgbe kpochapuru 3000 aluminom usoro remelted, ya pụta ụwa alloying ọcha (karịsịa manganese) Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ naghị agbanyụ ọkụ kamakwa ọ na-eme dị ka deoxidizers na alloying agents. Tụnyere mmepụta aluminom nke mbụ, iji aluminom scrap maka mgbaze nwere ike ibelata oriri ike ruo 95%, na-eme 3000 usoro ihe benchmark maka ime “nnọpụiche carbon” ihe mgbaruo.
8.2 Ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ na teknụzụ batrị
Site na mmụba nke njupụta ike batrị ike, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ikpochapụ okpomọkụ na nchekwa nke mkpuchi batrị na-aghọwanye ndị siri ike. Ijikwa ya nke ọma thermal conductivity, ike na-agafeghị oke, na tozuru okè miri-adọta usoro, 3003 aluminom alloy ji nke nta nke nta dochie ụfọdụ nchara ọdịnala ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka shei batrị square na sistemụ njikwa okpomọkụ na-ajụ oyi..
8.3 Efere Aluminom mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ dị elu
Site na teknụzụ na-agbagharị agbagọ, 3003 A na-eji alloy aluminum mee ihe dị ka isi oyi akwa, kpuchiri ya n'akụkụ abụọ na aluminom dị ọcha (1070) ma ọ bụ zinc anode ihe eji achụ àjà iji mepụta efere ngwakọta nwere okpukpu atọ. Ihe a na-egosiputa arụmọrụ nchebe electrochemical dị mma na ike nhazi n'ime ngwa mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ mmiri na tankị nchekwa mmiri pụrụ iche..
IX. Ajuju ajuju (FAQ)
Q1: Kedu ka m ga-esi họrọ n'etiti 3003 na 3004 aluminum mpempe akwụkwọ?
- A: Ọ dabere na ike na ngwa. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme akụkụ stampụ, mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, ma ọ bụ cookwarenke na-adịghị achọ nnukwu ígwè ọrụ ike, họrọ 3003 (nnukwu ọnụ ahịa-arụmọrụ, magburu onwe formability). Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ime ụlọ facades, ite ihe ọṅụṅụ, ma ọ bụ akụkụ nhazi nke kwesịrị iguzogide ụfọdụ nrụgide, họrọ 3004 (nwere magnesium, ike dị elu, mma ikuku mgbali iguzogide).
Q2: Gịnị mere m 3003 aluminom efere mgbawa mgbe ekwe?
- A: Ọ na-abụkarị ihe atọ kpatara ya: ① ahọpụtara iwe na-ezighi ezi: Ọ bụrụ na ịzụrụ H18 (zuru oke iwe), elongation dị nnọọ ala, na mmanye ekwe ga-eme ka mgbawa. Gbanwee na H14 ma ọ bụ O iwe. ② ntụzịaka ọka: Efere aluminom nwere ntụzịaka ntụgharị; na-ehulata perpendicular na ntụzịaka ntụgharị na-adịkarị mfe ịgbawa. Try to bend parallel to the grain. ③ Excessive impurities: Inferior aluminum plates may contain too many impurities causing increased brittleness.
Q3: Nwere ike 3000 series aluminum plates be used in seawater?
- A: Not recommended for long-term immersion. N'agbanyego 3000 series is more corrosion-resistant than 1000 usoro, its corrosion resistance is far inferior to 5000 usoro (Al-mg) alloys in chloride-ion-rich seawater environments. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, heavy epoxy coatingsma ọ bụ sacrificial anode protection should be applied.
Q4: There is a lot of oil on the aluminum plate surface. Do I need to clean it before use?
- A: Cleaning is mandatory. Rolling oils and stamping oils, if not removed, will cause welding porosity, Ibe mkpuchi, or anodizing stains. It is recommended to use a dedicated aluminum cleaner or acetone for wiping. Avoid using strong alkaline cleaners to prevent surface corrosion.
Q5: How to quickly distinguish between 3003 na 5052 efere aluminom?
- A: Usoro kachasị nghọta bụ kemmeso. 5052-H32 na-esikarị ike ma sie ike iji aka gbadaa, na ịrịba springback; 3003-H14 dịtụ nro ma gosipụta nrụrụ plastik doro anya n'okpuru ike, na obere springback. Ke ozo, 5052 na-emepụta obere ọkụ ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie mgbe a na-egweri, mgbe 3003 Sparks na-acha ọcha dịtụ ọkụ (maka naanị ikpe inyeaka; kpọmkwem ihe dị iche na-achọ spectral nyocha).