2025-10-14 0 Okwu

8000 usoro na aluminum alloys ndị ọzọ: ntụnyere mejupụtara na arụmọrụ dabara

HW-A. Ọdịiche dị mkpa na nhazi Alloy na usoro ike

A. Nyocha miri emi nke Sistemụ Nhazi Ihe (Gụnyere ụkpụrụ njikwa adịghị ọcha)

8000 usoro na ihe ndị ọzọ aluminom alloys sitere na usoro ziri ezi nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na njikwa siri ike nke ihe adịghị ọcha.. Ihe mejupụtara gradients nke ọkwa dị iche iche na-akwado GB/T 3190-2022 Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke Aluminom arụrụ arụ na Aluminom Alloys:

  • 5000 Nsorosoro (Al-Mg Alloys): Magnesium na-eje ozi dị ka ihe bụ isi alloying element (Alloy 5052 nwere 2.2%-2.8% Mg; Alloy 5083 nwere 4.0%-4.9% Mg), agbakwunyere na manganese (0.3%-1.0%) na chromium (0.05%-0.25%). Etinyere oke adịghị ọcha na Fe≤ 0.4% na Si ≤ 0.25%. Dị ka ndị na-abụghị okpomọkụ-agwọta alloys ike ike, ha nwere aluminom ọdịnaya ≥ 95%. A na-akwalite ike site na nnọchi siri ike ngwọta ike nke mg (oseihe nwoke 17% ọdịiche dị na radius atọm n'etiti Mg na Al na-ebute mgbagha lattice), ebe Mn na-egbochi recrystalization site na mmetụta oke oke ọka, na-achịkwa nha ọka n'ime 20-50μm.

5000 Nsorosoro

  • 7000 Nsorosoro (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys): Zinc bụ isi ihe na-ewusi ike (Alloy 7050 nwere 5.7%-6.7% Zn; Alloy 7075 nwere 5.1%-6.1% Zn), jikọtara ya na ọla kọpa (1.2%-2.6%) na magnesium (1.9%-2.9%) iji mepụta usoro ihe mejupụtara. Oke adịghị ọcha bụ Fe ≤ 0.15% na Si ≤ 0.12%. Na-ewusi mmiri ozuzo ike a na-enweta ya site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ (T6: ngwọta ọgwụgwọ + eme agadi; T7451: ngwọta ọgwụgwọ + steepụ ịka nká). η-phase (MgZn₂) precipitates dispersively si supersaturated siri ike ngwọta (saiz: 5-15nm), na S-phase (Al₂CuMg) na-ahazi ike njikọ ihu site na Cu, na-eme ka ike ndọtị nke alloy gafere 500MPa.

7000 Nsorosoro

  • 8000 Nsorosoro (Alloys ọtụtụ akụkụ): Akara ule ndị isi (E.G., 8011) nwere nickel (0.5%-1.5%), igwe (0.3%-0.8%), na silicon (0.2%-0.6%), mgbe elu-ọgwụgwụ akara ule (E.G., 8030) tinye scandium (0.1%-0.3%) na zirconium (0.05%-0.15%), na aluminom ịdị ọcha na-eru 99.7%-99.9%. A na-enweta ike site na mmetụta synergistic nke mgbasa ike nke Al₃Ni (saiz: 20-30nm) na ogige FeSiAl, na na-eme ka ọka nụchaa ike sitere na Sc (nha ọka a nụchara anụcha ruo 10-15μm). Oburu, Zr na-egbochi ịkwaga oke oke ọka site na ohere ọnyà mmetụta, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke thermal.

8000 Nsorosoro

B.Ahụhụ atụ nke usoro ike ike (Gụnyere Kinetics Mgbanwe Oge)

Ụdị ike 5000 Nsorosoro (5052/5083) 7000 Nsorosoro (7050/7075) 8000 Nsorosoro (8011/8030)
Na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị ike Agaghị enweta ya (enweghị windo kinetic maka nhazi oge na-agba ọsọ) T6 iwe: Ngwọta ọgwụgwọ na 470 ℃ maka 1h + ịka nká na 120 ℃ maka awa 24 (η-ọnụego mmiri ozuzo: 85%); T7451 iwe: Ngwọta ọgwụgwọ na 470 ℃ maka 1h + gbagoro ịka nká na 100 ℃ maka awa 8 + 150℃ maka awa 16 (η’→η mgbanwe usoro) Obere okpomọkụ nwere ike ịka nká 8030: Ngwọta ọgwụgwọ na 450 ℃ maka 1.5h + ịka nká na 120 ℃ maka awa 8 (Ọnụego mmiri ozuzo Al₃: 70%)
Usoro isi ike Ọnweghị mkpali doro anya (naanị lattice distoration ike) η-phase (MgZn₂, Ọdịdị cubic nke gbadoro ụkwụ na ya) + S-phase (Al₂CuMg, usoro orthorhombic) Al Ni (Ọdịdị cubic chere ihu) + Al₃Sc (Ọdịdị L1₂, coarsening iguzogide okpomọkụ > 300℃)
Ụzọ nkwalite ike Na-arụsi ọrụ ike (H112 temp: oyi arụ ọrụ ọnụego 20%-30%, njupụta dislocation 10¹⁴-10¹⁵m⁻²) Na-ewusi mmiri ozuzo ike (60% ntinye aka) + dislocation ike (30% ntinye aka) + ike ókè-ala ọka (10% ntinye aka) Ngwọta siri ike na-ewusi ike (25% ntinye aka) + na-eme ka ọka nụchaa ike (40% ntinye aka) + iwusi mmiri ike (35% ntinye aka)

HW-B. Ntụle ọnụọgụ nke oke arụmọrụ igodo (Gụnyere ihe arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ)

A. Mekanical Property Matrix nke ọtụtụ akara ule (Emejuru ya na Paramita dị ike)

Ngosipụta arụmọrụ 5052-H112 5083-H112 7050-T7451 7075-T651 8011-H18 8030-T6
Njupụta (g/cm³) 2.72 2.72 2.82 2.82 2.71 2.73
Ike ọdụdọ (MPa) 175 310-350 510 572 380-420 450
Mpụta Ike (MPa) 195 211 455 503 350 400
Ogologo oge (% , L=50mm) 12 14 10 11 12-16 15
Isi ike (HB, 500kgf ibu) 60 65 135 150 105 120
Na-agbanwe agbanwe (GPA) 70 71 72 73 69 70
Ọnụego uto nke ike ọgwụgwụ (da/dN, ΔK=20MPa・m¹/²) 3.2× 10⁻m / okirikiri 2.8× 10⁻m / okirikiri 1.5× 10⁻m / okirikiri 1.2× 10⁻m / okirikiri 2.1× 10⁻m / okirikiri 1.8× 10⁻m / okirikiri
Oge nguzogide nnu fesa (h, Gb / t 10125) 1000 1500 500 200 2000 2500
Isi mmalite data: Gb / t 228.1-2021 Ngwa ọla – Nnwale tensile – Nkewa 1: Ule ule na Okpomọkụ Ambient; Gb / t 6398-2017 Ngwa ọla – Mkpebi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke ike ọgwụgwụ – – – – – –

B. Nyocha miri emi nke ndakọrịta Usoro

  1. Weldability na njikwa ntụpọ (Dabere na AWS D1.2 Standard)
    • 5000 Nsorosoro: N'ihi enweghị mmetụta corrosion intergranular nke Cu, ike njide ọnụ ọgụgụ nke welded nkwonkwo ruru 85%-90%. Ọ dakọtara na MIG ịgbado ọkụ (ER5356 waya filler, dayameta 1.2mm) na ntinye ọkụ na-achịkwa na 15-25kJ / cm. Ọgwụgwọ tupu weld chọrọ iwetu alkaline (Ntinye uche NaOH 5%-8%, 50℃ maka 5 min) jikọtara na n'ibu ihicha iji 120-180 grit igwe anaghị agba nchara brushes iji hụ na ihe nkiri oxide (Alo₃) ọkpụrụkpụ ≤ 5μm na porosity ≤ 0.3%.
    • 7000 Nsorosoro: Zinc-magnesium nkewa na-ebute a na-ekpo ọkụ cracking uche (HCS) ọnụọgụgụ nke 0.8-1.2. ER5356 waya filler (nwere 5% Ọ bụrụ na ibelata mmiri mmiri okpomọkụ gradient) ihe achọrọ, na MIG ịgbado ọkụ parameters: ugbu a 180-200A, voltaji 22-24V, ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ 5-8mm / s, na ntinye ọkụ ≤ 20kJ / cm. Post-weld obere okpomọkụ ịka nká na 120 ℃ maka 24h dị mkpa iji weghachi nkwonkwo ike na 75%-80% nke isi metal.
    • 8000 Nsorosoro: Weldability na-agafeghị oke, dakọtara na ER4043 filler waya (nwere 5% Na). TIG ịgbado ọkụ na-eji argon na-echebe gas (eruba ọnụego 15-20L / min maka ihu n'akụkụ, 8-10L/min maka akụkụ azụ). Arc isi ike njikwa nweta a penetration ruru nke 0.6-0.8, na porosity ≤ 0.5% na ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide nguzogide corrosion ≥ 90%.
  1. Ịhazi na ọnụ ahịa mmekọrịta Analysis
Alloy Series Rịọs Bend kacha nta (t = ọkpụrụkpụ mpempe akwụkwọ) Omimi stamping (mm, ụlọ okpomọkụ) Ọnụ ihe akụrụngwa (10,000 RMB/ton) Ọnụ okirikiri ndụ (LCC, 10,000 RMB/ton, 10-okirikiri afọ) Ndụ anwụ (10,000 udo, oyi stampụ) Ịme eserese oke (FLD) Greedi
5000 Nsorosoro 1.5t (H112 temp) 120 (Alloy 5052) 2.8-3.2 8.6 (gụnyere mmezi ụgwọ 0.8 × 10⁴ RMB / ton) 15-20 FLD 0.25
7000 Nsorosoro 3t (T6 iwe) 80 (Alloy 7075) 4.2-4.8 11.2 (gụnyere ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-eri 1.5 × 10 ⁴ RMB / ton) 8-12 FLD 0.18
8000 Nsorosoro 2t (T6 iwe) 100 (Alloy 8030) 5.0-5.5 9.8 (gụnyere ọgwụgwọ elu 0.5 × 10⁴ RMB / ton) 12-16 FLD 0.22

 

HW-C. Ndakọrịta Logic na Ngwa dị iche iche nke Azụmahịa Lightweighting

A.Component-level ndakọrịta Strategy na nka chọrọ

Akụkụ ụgbọ ala azụmahịa Ọkwa Alloy nke masịrị Ihe achọrọ teknụzụ isi (Dabere na GB/T 34546-2017) Uru dị arọ (vs. Q345 ígwè) Usoro ndakọrịta (Gụnyere ụkpụrụ ule) Ibu Ọnọdụ Ọrụ Na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe
Akụkụ ahụ 5052-H112 Mgbatị ≥12%, nnu ịgba-eguzogide ≥1000h, Ọnụọgụ mgbagha n'elu ≤1.5% 35% mbelata ibu, 8% Mbelata oriri mmanụ ụgbọala Ịtinye stampụ (anwụ izi ezi IT8) + MIG ịgbado (Ọkwa UT 2 nnyocha) Ibu kwụ ọtọ ≤1.2kN/m², mmetụta ibu ≤5kN
Frame Longitudinal Beams 7050-T7451 Ike tensile ≥500MPa, ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ ≥1.2×10⁶km (10cycles), ekwe isi ike ≥20kN/mm 28% mbelata ibu, 5% mbelata iguzogide ịnya ụgbọ ala Mwepụ (nnabata profaịlụ IT9) + T7451 ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ (isi ike dị iche ≤5HB) Ehulata ibu ≤80kN, ibu torsion ≤12kN・m
Ọdịdị tankị 8030-T6 Ọnụego corrosion kwa afọ ≤0.18mm (3.5% NaCl ngwọta), welded nkwonkwo ike ≥380MPa, tightness ≤1×10⁻⁴Pa・m³/s 22% Mbelata LCC, 50% ogologo oge mmezi Rozagha (nnabata okirikiri ≤0.5%) + esemokwu ịkpali ịgbado ọkụ (Ọkwa RT 2 nnyocha) Ibu nrụgide dị n'ime ≤0.8MPa, ibu vibration ≤2g
Mgbakọ wheel 5083-H112/8011 Isi ike ≥65HB, dynamic itule njehie ≤5g, radial runout ≤0.15mm 18% mbelata oge inertia, 3% ogologo breeki dị mkpụmkpụ Na-akpụ akpụ (nha nha nha ≥3) + Ọgwụ Ọgwụ (metallographic nhazi ọkwa ≥Ọkwa 2) Ibu radial ≤15kN, mmetụta ibu ≤30kN

Ụdị ngwa B.Ọdịiche

  1. Ahụ ụgbọ ala Maxus EV30 dị ọcha

Ngwakọ ngwakọ nke 5052-H112 aluminum stampụ mpempe akwụkwọ (ọkpụrụkpụ 1.5-2.0mm) na 6061-T6 profaịlụ anabatara, jikọtara site na aluminum onuete ịgbado ọkụ (ịgbado ọkụ 1.2m/min, ntinye okpomọkụ 18kJ/cm) na FDS (Flow Drill Screw) teknụzụ (ike ike ike 25-30N・m, ike nkwonkwo ≥3kN). Nnwale nkukota ụgbọ ala na-achọpụta na isi ike nke anụ ahụ ruru 28kN・m/rad (12% elu karịa ihe owuwu ígwè), A na-ebelata ibu mbelata site na 1850kg ruo 1073kg (41.9% mbelata ibu), Oke NEDC na-abawanye site na 280km ruo 350km (25% mụbaa), na ike 100km na-ebelata site na 14kWh ruo 11.5kWh (17.9% mbelata).

8030-T6 aluminum

  1. Sinotruk Howo TH7 Frame ụgbọ ala dị arọ

7050-T7451 profaịlụ ewepụrụ (obe-ngalaba 200×80×6mm, ogologo 12000mm) dochie Q345 ígwè (ọkpụrụkpụ 8mm). Mgbe nyocha ịgba nnu (Gb / t 10125, 500h), ọnụ ọgụgụ mpaghara corrosion elu bụ ≤3%. Nnwale ike ọgwụgwụ (oke nrụgide R=0.1, ugboro 10Hz) egosighi mgbaji agbaji mgbe okirikiri 10⁷ gachara (ike ike ọgwụgwụ 320MPa). A na-ebelata ibu mgbakọ etiti site na 520kg ruo 375kg (27.9% mbelata ibu). Ejiri injin 440hp, oriri mmanụ ụgbọala 100km na-ebelata site na 38L ruo 35L (7.9% mbelata) n'okpuru ibu zuru oke (49 tunso), na etiti ọrụ ndụ gbatịrị site 8 × 10 ⁵km ka 1.2 × 10 ⁶km (50% mụbaa).

  1. CIMC Reefer 8×4 Chemical Tanker tank

8030-T6 aluminum mpempe akwụkwọ (ọkpụrụkpụ 6mm, obosara 2400mm) a na-eji maka ịkwagharị na ịgbado ọkụ. Esemokwu ịkpali ịgbado ọkụ parameters: ọsọ ntụgharị 1200r/min, ịgbado ọkụ ọsọ 500mm / min, ubu mgbali 30kN. Nlele imikpu n'ime 30% Ngwọta NaCl na-egosi na ọnụego corrosion kwa afọ na-agbada site na 0.32mm (Alloy 5083) ruo 0.18 mm (43.8% mbelata). Nnwale ike nke tankị (0.8MPa ikuku mgbali, 30min nrụgide njide) na-egosi mbelata nrụgide ≤0.02MPa. The tank arọ na-ebelata si 1850kg ka 1320kg (28.6% mbelata ibu), ndụ ọrụ gbatịrị si 8 afọ ka 13 afọ (62.5% mụbaa). Ọ bụ ezie na mbụ na-eri na-abawanye site 12,000 RMB, 13 afọ okirikiri uru na-abawanye site 86,000 RMB (na nsonye 65,000 RMB na nchekwa nchekwa na 21,000 RMB na nchekwa mmanụ).

HW-D. Usoro Ngwọta yana usoro nka nka

A. Isi ihe ịma aka na usoro mgbochi

  1. Njikwa ntụpọ ịgbado ọkụ
Ụdị ntụpọ 5000 Usoro Ngwọta (Dabere na ntule ọnụọgụgụ) 7000 Usoro Ngwọta (Multi-physics njikọ Analysis) 8000 Usoro Ngwọta (Amụma Microstructure)
Ihe nkiri oxide Mweda ala tupu weld na ngwọta NaOH (5%-8%, 50℃ maka 5 min) + igwe anaghị agba nchara na brushes igwe anaghị agba nchara 120-grit. FLUENT simulation na-enyocha: Ọnụọgụ esemokwu n'elu na-ebelata site na 0.8N/m ruo 0.6N/m, Ọnụego mwepụ ihe nkiri oxide ≥98% AC TIG ịgbado ọkụ (ugboro ugboro 100Hz) maka nhicha cathodic + azụ azụ argon ọta (ọsọ ọsọ 8-10L / min). SYSWELD simulation: mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara (HAZ) A na-achịkwa obosara na 3-5mm, intergranular corrosion omimi ≤0.1mm Mechanical egweri (180-240 aja aja aja) + agwakọta ikpuchi gas (Ar:Ọ=7:3). Thermo-Calc ịme anwansị: Ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ amụbawanye site 20%, Al₃Ni n'usoro mmiri ozuzo uniformity kwalitere site 30%
Ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ Enweghị ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche achọrọ (Ọnụọgụ HCS <0.6). MIG ntinye ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ na-achịkwa na 15-25kJ/cm. Marc simulation: solidification okpomọkụ nso ≤50 ℃, ntinye uche nke mgbawa ≤0.2 ER5356 waya filler (5% Na) + segmental ịgbado ọkụ (interpass okpomọkụ ≤100 ℃). ABAQUS ịme anwansị: Mbelata mgbakasị ahụ fọdụrụ site na 350MPa ruo 280MPa, na-ekpo ọkụ ọnụego mgbawa <0.5% A na-achịkwa ntinye ọkụ ≤15kJ/cm (ugbu a 160-180A, voltaji 20-22V). JMatPro simulation: mmiri mmiri okpomọkụ mụbara site 5 ℃, mpaghara ibikọ ọnụ mmiri siri ike gbachie site na 10%, na-ekpo ọkụ ọnụego mgbawa <1%
Na-adị nro Ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ ≥8mm/s. ANSYS simulation: HAZ obosara mpaghara ime nro na-achịkwa na 2-3mm, ike ọnwụ ≤15% Post-weld obere okpomọkụ ịka nká na 120 ℃ maka awa 24. Nyocha DSC: E weghachiri eweghachi ego mmiri ozuzo n'usoro 90% nke tupu ịka nká larịị, Ọnụego mgbake ike nkwonkwo ≥80% Welding ugbu a ≤180A. Nyocha data mmalite: Ọnụego uto ọka HAZ ≤15%, Ọnụego njide ike ≥85%
  1. Ịmepụta usoro kacha mma
  • 5000 Nsorosoro: Usoro stampụ ọkụ (150℃, oge njide nrụgide 10s) anakwere. A na-emezi ụzọ stampụ site na ịme anwansị Dynaform, na-abawanye ọkwa FLD site na 0.22 ka 0.25, na-akpụ ntozu ọnụego nke mgbagwoju gbagọrọ agbagọ elu (radius curvature ≤50mm) iru 98%. Ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ infrared (izi ezi ±2℃) nyochaa okpomọkụ mpempe akwụkwọ ozugbo iji hụ na mgbanwe okpomọkụ ≤5℃.
  • 7000 Nsorosoro: Na-akpụ nzọụkwụ (2-3 gafere) + nke etiti annealing (340℃ maka 1h, ọnụego jụrụ oyi 5 ℃ / min) A na-eji ya. A na-eṅomi nkesa nrụgide site na AutoForm, ibelata nrụgide fọdụrụnụ mgbe ọ malitere site na 300MPa ruo 150MPa na springback ruo ≤1.5°. Servo pịa (oge nzaghachi 10ms) mee ka njikwa nrụgide mechiri emechi, imezu izi ezi nke ọkwa IT10.
  • 8000 Nsorosoro: Ndozi ọdịnaya nikel (0.8%-1.2%) na-ebelata mmụgharị ike mkpụrụ (≤5MPa). Hydroforming (nrụgide 20-30MPa) etinyere ya, na LS-DYNA na-eṅomi nkesa ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi, na-achịkwa opekempe ọkpụrụkpụ mgbidi ≤0.1mm. A na-ebelata radius na-ehulata site na 2.5t ruo 2t (20% mbelata), na elu roughness Ra ≤1.6μm mgbe ekwe.

B. Usoro mmepe ihe

  1. Arụmọrụ dị elu 8000 Nsorosoro

Site na micro-alloying multi-component nwere scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), na yttrium (Y), ndị ọhụrụ mepere emepe 8035 greedi (Sc:0.2%-0.3%, Zr:0.1%-0.15%, Y:0.05%-0.1%) na-enweta ike tensile karịrị 500MPa ka ọ na-ejigide ya 16% elongation. Ike ọgwụgwụ ya na-agbawa ọnụego uto (da/dN) na-agbada ruo 1.2 × 10⁻⁹m / okirikiri (33.3% Mbelata tụnyere 8030). N'ichepụta ihe mgbakwunye laser (SLM) na-enyere aka ịmepụta ihe dị mgbagwoju anya na njupụta mbipụta ≥99.5%. A na-atụ anya ka ngwa buru ibu na okpokolo agba ụgbọ ala azụmahịa yana sistemụ nkwusioru 2026 (lekwasịrị anya ọnụ ahịa: 45,000 RMB/ton).

  1. Nkwalite Nguzogide Corrosion nke 7000 Nsorosoro

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) A na-eji akwadebe Al₂O₃-TiO₂ ihe mkpuchi seramiiki mejupụtara n'elu 7075-T6. (ọkpụrụkpụ 10-15μm, ike ike ≥800HV), na-abawanye oge nguzogide nnu nnu site na 500h ruo 1500h (200% mụbaa) na mkpuchi mkpuchi ≥50MPa. Ejikọtara ya na kemịkalụ vapor na-enyere aka na plasma (PACVD), mkpuchi SiC (ọkpụrụkpụ 2-3μm) na-etolite n'elu mkpuchi, n'ihu na-emeziwanye ihe mgbochi iyi (esemokwu esemokwu belatara si 0.6 ka 0.3). Ngwa n'ime ụgbọ ala azụmahịa dị arọ na mpaghara osimiri (E.G., traktọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri) enwere ike site na 2025.

  1. Nkwalite ọnụ ahịa 5000 Nsorosoro

Nke nkedo na-aga n'ihu (CCR) usoro na-anọchi omenala ingot hot rolling, na-ebelata mmepụta okirikiri si 15 ụbọchị ka 2 ubochi (86.7% mbelata) na ibelata oriri ike site 30% (site na 500kWh/ton ruo 350kWh/ton). Njikwa ọdịnaya magnesium nke ọma (4.0%-4.5%) ana achi achi tensile ike ≥310MPa mgbe ibelata akụrụngwa na-eri site 12% (site na 32,000 RMB/ton ka 28,000 RMB/ton). Ngwa uka na akụkụ ahụ nke ụgbọ ala azụmahịa echekwabara (E.G., gwongworo nkesa obodo) na-atụ anya site 2024.

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