Aluminium kalasi ndi mawonekedwe
Gulu la aluminium mbale molingana ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili mu mbale ya aluminium, mbale ya aluminiyamu ikhoza kugawidwa pafupifupi 9 magulu, kuti, akhoza kugawidwa mu 9 mndandanda. Zotsatirazi ndi zoyambira pang'onopang'ono.
1.1000 mndandanda umayimira 1050 1060 1070 1000 mndandanda wa aluminiyumu mbale imadziwikanso ngati mbale yamphamvu ya aluminiyamu, Mwa magawo onse, 1000 mndandanda wa mndandanda womwe uli ndi zinthu zambiri za aluminiyamu. Kuyeretsa kumatha kupitilira zoposa 99.00%. Chifukwa mulibe chuma china, Zopanga ndizosavuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo. Ndi mndandanda womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafakitale wamba pakadali pano. Makina ambiri apano pamsika ndi 1050 ndi 1060 mndandanda. Ochepera aluminium 1000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale imatsimikizika malinga ndi manambala awiri omaliza a Chiarabu. Mwachitsanzo, manambala awiri omaliza a 1050 mndandanda wake ndi 50. Malinga ndi mfundo yapadziko lonse lapansi, Zokhutira za aluminium ziyenera kufika 99.5% kapena kupitirira kuti muyenerere. dziko langa la aluminiyamu laukadaulo (GB / T3880-2006) komanso momveka bwino kuti aluminium omwe ali 1050 ayenera 99.5%. Momwemonso, aluminium okhutira 1060 mndandanda wa aluminium mbale ziyenera kupitilira zoposa 99.6%.
2.2000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale ikuyimira 2A16 (Ly16) 2A06 (Ly6) 2000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale imadziwika ndi kuvuta kwambiri, Kwenikweni zomwe zamkuwa ndizokwera kwambiri, za 3-5%. The 2000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale ndi ya ayumine aluminium, zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamakampani wamba pakadali pano. Pakadali pano, Pali opanga ochepa omwe amapanga 2000 mndandanda wa aluminium aluminium m'dziko lathu. Mtunduwo sungafanane ndi mayiko akunja. Ma sheets a aluminiam omwe akuitanitsa apolisi amaperekedwa ndi opanga South Korea ndi Germany. Ndi chitukuko cha ntchito ya dziko langa, makompyuta opanga 2000 mndandanda wa aluminium aluminium adzatukuka.
Zitatu. 3000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale ikuyimira 3003 3003 3A21 makamaka. Itha kutchedwanso chipongwe champhamvu cha aluminiyamu. Kupanga kwa 3000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale mdziko langa ndi yabwino kwambiri. The 3000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale imapangidwa makamaka ndi manganese. Zomwe zili pakati 1.0-1.5. Ndi mndandanda wambiri wotsutsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito madera achinyontho monga zowongolera mpweya, Kufalikira, ndi kugwedezeka, Mtengo wake ndiwokwera kuposa 1000. Ndi mndandanda womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Zinai. The 4000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale ikuyimiriridwa ndi 4A01 4000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale, zomwe zimakhala mndandanda wokhala ndi zida zapamwamba. Nthawi zambiri zida za silicon zili pakati 4.5-6.0%. Ndi wa zomangamanga, zigawo zamakina, Zipangizo Zopepuka, Zida zotcherechera; malo osungunuka pang'ono, Kutsutsa kwabwino kufotokozera kwa malonda: Ili ndi mikhalidwe ya kutentha ndi kuvala kukana.
5. The 5000 mndandanda wa aluminiyumu Plate ndi m'magulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a alminium a alumu, chinthu chachikulu ndi magnesium, ndipo magnesium ali pakati 3-5%. Itha kutchedwanso aluminium-magnesium aloy. Maonekedwe akulu ndi otsika kwambiri, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kutalika kwakukulu. M'dera lomweli, kulemera kwa aluminium-magnesium alloy ndi otsika kuposa mndandanda wina. Choncho, Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muviniwa, monga akasinja a ndege. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamakampani wamba. Tekinoloji yokonza ikupitilira ndikugudubuza, zomwe zimakhala mndandanda wa mikwingwirima yotentha ya aluminium, Chifukwa chake itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa oxidation mozama. M'dziko langa, ndi 5000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu mbale ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokhwima kwambiri.
6. The 6000 mndandanda umayimira 6061, zomwe zili ndi zinthu ziwiri za magnesium ndi silicon, kotero zabwino za 4000 series ndi 5000 mndandanda umakhazikika. 6061 ndi aluminium yopangidwa ndi yopangidwa, Zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kutsutsana kwakukulu ndi kukana kwa oxidation. Kugwirira ntchito bwino, mawonekedwe abwino, Kuphimba kosavuta, Kuchita bwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopaka ndi zolumikizira ndege. Mikhalidwe ya 6061: mawonekedwe abwino, Kuphimba kosavuta, mphamvu yapamwamba, kugwirira ntchito bwino, ndi kukana kwamphamvu. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito za 6061 aluminiyamu: magawo a ndege, ziwalo za kamera, ndalama, Zovala zam'madzi ndi zida, Zovala zamagetsi ndi mafupa, zokongoletsera kapena zida zosiyanasiyana, Mitu ya HingE, Mitu ya Magnetic, brake matongani, Zithunzi za Hydraulic, Zovala zamagetsi, Mavavu ndi zigawo za valavu .
Zisanu ndi ziwiri. The 7000 mndandanda umayimira 7075 Makamaka zimakhala ndi zinc. Ilinso ndi mndandanda wa aviation. Ndi aluminium-zincy-cucper-cucper-curper. Ndi chiwonetsero chotentha. Ndi a Supershard alminium aloy ndipo ali ndi vuto kukana kukana. Wandiweyani 7075 Pulogalamu ya aluminiyamu ndi yonse ya ultrasonically, zomwe zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti mulibe matuza ndi zodetsa. Mawonekedwe apamwamba a 7075 Pulati ya aluminium imatha kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga ndikuwongolera ntchito. Mbali yayikulu ndikuti kuuma kumakhala kokwera. 7075 ndizovuta kwambiri, chachikulu-mphamvu aluminiyamu aloy, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za ndege komanso zamtsogolo. Zimafuna magawo ophatikizika kwambiri ndi kupanga nkhungu ndi nyonga yayikulu komanso kukana kwamphamvu. Pakadali pano amadalira kunja, Tekinolo yakupanga matekinoloje akufunika kusintha.
8. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri 8000 mndandanda wake ndi 8011, zomwe zimakhala mndandanda wina. Plate la aluminiyamu omwe ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga mabotolo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu radiators, ambiri omwe ali zojambula za aluminium. Osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Aluminiyamu ndi mabwana ake
1. Aluminiyamu wangwiro
Aluminiyamu (aluminiyamu, aluminiyamu) imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe ka 2.72g / cm3, zomwe zili zokha 1/3 za kachulukidwe ka chitsulo kapena mkuwa. Zochita zamagetsi komanso zamagetsi, chachiwiri pambuyo pa siliva ndi mkuwa. Mankhwala a aluminiyumu amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Mumlengalenga, Pamwamba pa aluminiyamu amatha kuphatikiza ndi mpweya kuti apange filimu yoteteza al2o3 yoteteza kuti oxidation a aluminium. Choncho, aluminiyumu imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri mu mpweya ndi madzi, Koma aluminiyumu sagwirizana ndi asidi, alkali, ndi dzimbiri mchere.
Aluminium ali ndi chipinda cholumikizira cha nkhope, Mapulasi abwino (d=50%, ψ=80%), ndipo imatha kukonzedwa m'mawaya, mbale, mizere, Mapaipi ndi mbiri zina kudzera mu kuzizira kapena kutentha kotentha, Koma mphamvu sizabwino, σb = 80mpa , Pambuyo pozizira kugwira ntchito, σb = (150 ~ 250) MPa. Choncho, ma alumininium onunkhira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawaya, zingwe, ma radiators, ndi zofunikira pa tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimafunikira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kukana dzimbiri, ndi zofunikira mphamvu.
Aluminial aluminium (Malonda Oyera Alumini) siili oyera ngati alminiyamu yoyera, Imakhala ndi zosafunikira kapena zochepa (monga Fe, Ndipo, ndi zina.). Zosayera kwambiri zomwe zili mu aluminiyamu, Kutsika kwake kwamagetsi, matenthedwe madutsidwe, Kutsutsa kwa m'mlengalenga ndi pulasitiki.
Maphunziro a Makonda a China a Aluminium Oyera amapangidwa motengera malire a zosayera, monga L1, L2, L3… L ndiye prityin pyyix ya mawu “aluminiyamu”, ndi zokulirapo manambala ophatikizidwa pamenepo, Kutsikira Kuyera.
2. Aluminiyamu alloy
Mphamvu ya aluminiyamu yoyera ndiyotsika kwambiri, Chifukwa chake sioyenera kupangira zida. Pofuna kukonza mphamvu yake, Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndikuwonjezera zinthu zoyatsira, monga si, Ku, Mg, Mn, ndi zina., kupanga aluminiyamu alloy (aerolite). Alumu awaumu awa ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono, makamaka mkulu enieni mphamvu (kuti, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu malire ndi kachulukidwe) ndi mawongoleredwe abwino ndi kukana kwamilandu.
(1) Gulu la aluminium
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kupanga mapangidwe azitsulo zotayidwa, aluminium overlos amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zitsulo za aluminiyamu zowonongeka ndi zotayira zotayidwa.
Itha kuwoneka kuchokera ku chiwerengero chomwe chiwonetsero chokhala ndi choperewera kuposa d / point amatha kupanga njira imodzi yolimba ikamatenthedwa, Ili ndi pulasitiki yabwino ndipo ili yoyenera pakukonzekera kukanikiza, Chifukwa chake amatchedwa almoy wopunduka. Ngati kapangidwe ka alminin yopunduka ya alminiyamu ndi yocheperako, Kuphatikizika kwa yankho lake lolimba sikusintha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, Chifukwa sichingalimbikitsidwe ndi mankhwala kutentha, Amadziwika kuti aluminium alumu yomwe singalimbikitsidwe ndi mankhwala kutentha; kapangidwe ka alloy pakati pa f ndi d /, njira yake yolimba imasinthidwe imasintha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, Chifukwa chake imatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi mankhwala kutentha, Chifukwa chake amatchedwa aluminium alumuy omwe amatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha kutentha. Ma exos ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo kuposa d / point ali ndi malo osungunuka, mphamvu zabwino, ndipo ali oyenera kuponyera. Amatchedwa kuponyera aluminium oyang'anira, Koma sioyenera kusintha kwa kukakamizidwa.
Aluminium aluminium amathanso kugawidwanso mu aluminium aluminiyamu, DEDIIN, Super Diralumin ndipo wachita ziphuphu molingana ndi mawonekedwe awo akulu.
Ponyani aluminium overloys amathanso kugawidwa: Al-inde, Al-cu, Al-mg, Al-zn, ndi zina. Malinga ndi zigawo zazikuluzikulu.
(2) Kutentha mankhwala makhalidwe a zotayidwa aloyi
Aluminium alloy sangathe kungosintha mphamvu yake mwa kuwononga kozizira kwa ntchito, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kukonza mphamvu chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha – “zaka kuumitsa” njira.
Njira yopangira kutentha kwa aluminiyumu alloy ndi yosiyana ndi yachitsulo. Pambuyo kuzimitsa, Kuumitsa ndi kulimba kwa chitsulo kumawonjezeka nthawi yomweyo, pamene pulasitiki imachepa. Komabe, aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu omwe akupanga ndi pakati pa f ndi d / amatenthedwa ku Dera la α, anasangalala, ndi ozizira ndi madzi, ndipo njira yolimba v yolimba itha kupezeka kutentha kwa firiji. Mphamvu ndi kuuma sizingawonjezedwe nthawi yomweyo, Koma pulasitiki yakhala ikusintha kwambiri. Njirayi imatchedwa quenching kapena njira yothetsera. Popeza kuchuluka kokhazikika kolimbikitsidwa pambuyo poti kuwunjika ndi kosakhazikika, Pali chizolowezi chowongolera gawo lachiwiri (kulimbikitsa gawo). Mukayikidwa firiji kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kutentha kwa kutentha kochepa, ma atomu amatha kuyenda mu chovomerezeka ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono malo okhazikika, chifukwa chowonjezeka chachikulu mu mphamvu ndi kuuma ndi kuchepa kwa pulasitiki. PHENENONON yomwe Alloy pambuyo pa njira yothetsera vuto imalimbikitsidwa nthawi yomwe imatchedwa “kulimbikitsidwa” kapena “zaka kuumitsa”. Kukalamba kutentha kwa firi kumatchedwa chilengedwe, ndipo ukalamba womwe ukuumba umatchedwa kukalamba.
(3) Alminim alminim aloy
1. Anti-dzimbiri aluminiyamu iloy
Zinthu zazikulu zophatikizira ndi Mn ndi Mg. Mtundu wamtunduwu ndi gawo limodzi lokhazikika mukatha komanso, kotero ili ndi kukana kwabwino komanso pulasitiki yabwino. Monga LF5, LF11, LF21, ndi zina. Mtundu uwu wa aloyi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakugudubuza, kuwotcherera, kapena zigawo zosagwirizana ndi zolimba ndi katundu wawung'ono, monga akasinja zamafuta, limbikitsa, mawaya, mafupa owala, ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yonse ya antilizani aluminiyam overlos ndi aluminium aluminium zomwe sizingalimbikitsidwe ndi mankhwala kutentha. Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya alloy, Itha kukonzedwetsedwa ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta.
2. Aluminiyamu yolimba
Draicinium ndiye al-cg alloy ndipo ili ndi MN. Mitundu yonse ya Duselinium imatha kukhala yolimbikitsidwa, koma kukana kwawo dzimbiri ndi koyipa, makamaka m'madzi a m'nyanja, Chifukwa chake ma dairaminimirium a daviminium amafunikira kuti kunja kwake akuphimbidwa.
Makina olimba a aluminium amagwiritsa ntchito prefix “LY” za “aluminim zolimba” ndi nambala yotsatira, monga LY1 (zitsulo zolimba za aluminiyamu), LY11 (aluminiyamu yolimba yokhazikika) ndi ly12 (aluminiyumu yolimba kwambiri).
Deliverumin ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makampani opanga mafakitale ndi zida.
3. Super hard aluminium alloy (SD aloyi)
Ndi al-c cg-zn aloy, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziziwonjezera ZN pamaziko a Dravinun. Mtundu wa Alloy wa Almoy ndi wamphamvu kwambiri wa alumu yolimba kwambiri ndi mphamvu zapamwamba, Chifukwa chake amatchedwa donumin. Zovuta zakenso ndizakuti kuwonongeka kwa kutukuka ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwamphamvu kumatha kuwonjezeka kapena kugwa kwamphamvu kumatha kuphatikizidwa.
Gawo la Superhard aluminium aloy akuwonetsedwa ndi pincix “LC” za “Al Chao” kuphatikiza nambala ya seri. Monga LC4, Chithunzi cha LC6, ndi zina., amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, monga ankhondo a ndege.
4. Wallu aluminium aloy
Ndi Al-CA-mg-siloy. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya zigawo za ALOOY, Zomwe zili mu gawo lililonse ndizochepa, Chifukwa chake ili ndi thermoplastity ndi kukana kwamo, ndipo mphamvu zake zikufanana ndi za Druvemin. Mphamvu ikhoza kuchuluka pambuyo pakukula ndi ukalamba.
Gawo la ziwonetsero za aluminiyamu aloy likuwonetsedwa ndi preinein prefix “LD” za “aluminium kuyika” kuphatikiza nambala yotsatizana, monga LD5, LD7, ndi zina. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino, Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kufooka kapena kufa zowoneka kuti ndi zolemetsa zolemera pa ndege kapena dizilo.
(4) ponya aluminium aluya (ponya aluminium aluya)
Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zotayidwa za aluminiyamu. Mwa iwo, Aluminium-silicon adotolo ali ndi katundu wabwino, mphamvu zokwanira, ndi otsika kachulukidwe, ndipo ndiwogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kuwerengera zambiri kuposa 50% za zotulutsa zonse zoponyera aluminiyamu. Ndipo (10-13)% Al-S Alloy ndi aluminiyamu kwambiri-siconan, zomwe zimakhala za eouctic, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa “Silicon aluminium aloy”.
Kalasi yoponya aluminiyamu alyoy yoyimiriridwa ndi chithunzi cha pinyin “Zhu” + Al + Zizindikiro zina zazikulu ndi zoperewera. Mwachitsanzo, Zalsi12 imayimira Al-Sil Alloy omwe ali ndi 12% Ndipo. Dzina la code la Alloy likuyimiriridwa ndi precix ya China “ZL” za “aluminiyamu yachitsulo” kuphatikiza manambala atatu. Manambala oyamba amawonetsa gulu la Alloy, Ndipo manambala achiwiri ndi achitatu akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zitsulo. Chitsanzo zl102 chikuyimira ayi. 2 Al-S bowa aluminium aloy.
Ponyani aluminiyamu aluminiyam nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ziwalo ndi kulemera kopepuka, kukana dzimbiri, mawonekedwe ovuta komanso makina ena.