8000 mndandanda ndi ena aluminium: Kuyerekeza ndi Kufanizira Kufanizira
Hw-a. Kusasiyana kwazinthu zazikulu mu mawonekedwe a alloy ndi njira zolimbitsa thupi
A. Kusanthula kwakuya kwa makina ophatikizika (Kuphatikizapo miyezo yowongolera)
8000 mndandanda komanso ma aluminiyam ena a aluminiyamu zimachokera ku lamulo loyatsira zinthu zokopa komanso kuwongolera koyenera kwa zinthu zodetsa. Magawo ophatikizika a masukulu osiyanasiyana amatsatira gb / t 3190-2022 Mankhwala akupangidwa a Willlu aluminium ndi aluminium wamba:
- 5000 Mndandanda (Al-mg emosi): Magnesium amakhala ngati chinthu choyambirira (Aloyi 5052 ili ndi 2.2%-2.8% Mg; Aloyi 5083 ili ndi 4.0%-4.9% Mg), yoperekedwa ndi manganese (0.3%-1.0%) ndi chromium (0.05%-0.25%). Malire odetsedwa akhazikitsidwa ku t≤ ≤ 0.4% ndi s ≤ 0.25%. Monga owongolera okhazikika, ali ndi zokhudzana ndi aluminiyamu ≥ 95%. Mphamvu imalimbikitsidwa m'malo mokwanira yankho ndi mg (ndi 17% kusiyana kwa ma atomiki radius pakati mg ndi al imasokoneza chosokoneza), pomwe MN amalepheretsa recystalling kudzera Malire a Chiberekero, Kuwongolera kukula kwa tirigu mkati mwa 20-50μm.
- 7000 Mndandanda (Al-zn-mg-cu valoys): Zinc ndi gawo lolimbitsa (Aloyi 7050 ili ndi 5.7%-6.7% Zn; Aloyi 7075 ili ndi 5.1%-6.1% Zn), kuphatikiza ndi mkuwa (1.2%-2.6%) ndi magnesium (1.9%-2.9%) kupanga dongosolo lophatikizika. Malire odetsa a pr ≤ 0.15% ndi s ≤ 0.12%. Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri Atha kukhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha (T6: Chithandizo cha yankho + Ukalamba; T7451: Chithandizo cha yankho + Kupsezedwa). z '-gawo (Mgzn₂) ang'onoang'ono obalalitsa kuchokera ku Superwited Sourch (kukula: 5-15nm), ndi gawo la s (Al₂cumg) imayang'anira mphamvu yolumikizira interfac in cu, Kuthandiza mphamvu ya Alfile kuti ipitirire 500mpa.
- 8000 Mndandanda (Magawo ambiri): Makumi amaikulu (E.g., 8011) khalani ndi nickel (0.5%-1.5%), chitsulo (0.3%-0.8%), ndi silicon (0.2%-0.6%), Pomwe mapiri omaliza (E.g., 8030) Onjezani Scandain (0.1%-0.3%) ndi zirconium (0.05%-0.15%), ndi kuyera kwa aluminium kufika 99.7%-99.9%. Mphamvu imatheka kudzera mu synergist zotsatira za Kubalalika ndi Al₃ni (kukula: 20-30nm) ndi zochulukitsa, ndi Kulimbitsa tirigu yolumikizidwa ndi sc (Kukula kwa tirigu kumayeretsedwa kwa 10-15μm). Pakadali pano, ZR Varobet Maxi Omwe Akusamuka Kuthana ndi Kuthana, Kuwongolera Kukhazikika Kwa Mafuta.
B.Vizo kuyerekezera kwa njira zolimbitsa thupi (Kuphatikiza gawo la magawo)
| Cholimbikitsa | 5000 Mndandanda (5052/5083) | 7000 Mndandanda (7050/7075) | 8000 Mndandanda (8011/8030) |
| Kutentha chithandizo cholimbitsa kutentha | Osakwaniritsa (Palibe Wintic Win Play Pulani Kupanga Gawo) | Txpper: Chithandizo cha yankho pa 470 ℃ cha 1h + kukalamba pa 120 ℃ kwa 24h (-Gawo la Mpweya: 85%); T7451 kupsya mtima: Chithandizo cha yankho pa 470 ℃ cha 1h + anaseka ukalamba pa 100 ℃ kwa 8h + 150℃ for 16h (η '→ →) | Kutentha kotentha kochepa 8030: Chithandizo cha yankho la 450 ℃ cha 1.5h + Akalamba pa 120 ℃ kwa 8h (Al₃sc Mpweya: 70%) |
| Magawo olimbikitsa | Palibe zodziwikiratu (kuvulaza kokwanira) | z '-gawo (Mgzn₂, Cubic yopangidwa ndi thupi) + S-gawo (Al₂cumg, mawonekedwe a orthorhombic) | Al₃ni (mawonekedwe a m'mphepete mwa nkhope) + Mayer (L1₂, Kutentha Kulimbana > 300℃) |
| Njira yowonjezera mphamvu | Gwira ntchito (H112 Chinsinsi: Kuzizira Kogwira 20%-30%, Kusokoneza Tnsnity 10¹⁴-10¹⁵¹⁵m⁻) | Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri (60% kusonkha) + kusokoneza kulimbikitsidwa (30% kusonkha) + Kulimbitsa Trawa (10% kusonkha) | Wolimba yankho kulimbitsa (25% kusonkha) + Kulimbitsa tirigu (40% kusonkha) + Kulimbikitsidwa Kwambiri (35% kusonkha) |
Hw-b. Kufanizira kwa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito (Kuphatikizapo mphamvu zamakina)
A. Makina ogulitsa matrix angapo (Zoperekedwa ndi madongosolo amphamvu)
| Chizindikiro cha Magwiridwe | 5052-H112 | 5083-H112 | 7050-T7451 | 7075-T651 | 8011-H18 | 8030-T6 |
| Kuchulukana (g/cm³) | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.82 | 2.82 | 2.71 | 2.73 |
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe (MPa) | 175 | 310-350 | 510 | 572 | 380-420 | 450 |
| Zokolola Mphamvu (MPa) | 195 | 211 | 455 | 503 | 350 | 400 |
| Elongation (% , L = 50mmm) | 12 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 12-16 | 15 |
| Kuuma (HB, 500KGF katundu) | 60 | 65 | 135 | 150 | 105 | 120 |
| Elastic modulus (GPA) | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 69 | 70 |
| Kutopa kumachepetsa kukula (da / dn, Δk = 20mpae ¹ / ²) | 3.2× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira | 2.8× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira | 1.5× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira | 1.2× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira | 2.1× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira | 1.8× 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira |
| Mchere Spray kukana nthawi (h, Gb / t 10125) | 1000 | 1500 | 500 | 200 | 2000 | 2500 |
| Chiyambi cha data: Gb / t 228.1-2021 Zitsulo Zamatsulo – Kuyesa kwa Tansile – Gawa 1: Njira yoyesera kutentha kozungulira; Gb / t 6398-2017 Zitsulo Zamatsulo – Kutsimikiza kutopa komwe kumakula | – | – | – | – | – | – |
B. Kusanthula kwakuya kwa magwiridwe antchito
- Kuyendetsa bwino komanso kolakwika (Kutengera ndi a AWS D1.2 Muyezo)
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- 5000 Mndandanda: Chifukwa chakusowa kwa kuphatikizika kwazomwe zimayambitsa cu, Mphamvu yosunga mphamvu ya zolumikizira zowala zimafika 85%-90%. Zimagwirizana ndi Mog Fulling (Er5356 Filler waya, Diameter 1.2mm) ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ku 15-25kj / cm. Chithandizo chothandizira chisanachitike chimafuna ma digiriki (Naoh 5%-8%, 50℃ kwa 5min) kuphatikiza ndi kukonza makina pogwiritsa ntchito 120-180 Grit dandel shrous zitsulo zowonetsetsa kuti oxade (Al₂o₃) makulidwe ≤ 5μm ndi purtolo ≤ 0.3%.
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- 7000 Mndandanda: Zinc-magnesium prgegation imapangitsa a Kutentha kotentha (Ma hcs) kugwilizana za 0.8-1.2. Er5356 Filler waya (okhala ndi 5% Ngati muchepetse kutentha kwamadzimadzi) chofunika, ndi magawo a mig: Zaka za 180-200a, magetsi 22-24V, kuyeretsa liwiro 5-8mm / s, ndi kutentha kutentha ≤ 20kj / cm. Kutentha kotentha kotentha kotentha pa 120 ℃ kwa 24h ndikofunikira kuti mubwezeretse mphamvu yolumikizirana 75%-80% za chitsulo chapansi.
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- 8000 Mndandanda: Kutentha kwamphamvu, yogwirizana ndi waya wa ER4043 (okhala ndi 5% Ndipo). Tig akuwonetsa argon yoteteza mpweya (Kuthamanga kwa 15-20L / mphindi yakutsogolo, 8-10L / min kumbuyo). Kuwongolera kwa Arc amakwaniritsa gawo lolowera la 0.6-0.8, ndi poloke ≤ 0.5% ndi ogwirizana ogwirizana ndi ≥ 90%.
- Kusanthula kwanyengo komanso ndalama
| Aloyi Series | Mutu Wochepera Wochepera (t = pepala makulidwe) | Kuzama (mm, kutentha kwa chipinda) | Mtengo waiwisi (10,000 RMB / TON) | Mtengo Wozungulira Moyo (LCC, 10,000 RMB / TON, 10-kuzungulira kwa chaka) | Kufa moyo (10,000 kuzungulira, Kusuntha) | Kupanga malire (Machala) Giledi |
| 5000 Mndandanda | 1.5t (H112 Chinsinsi) | 120 (Aloyi 5052) | 2.8-3.2 | 8.6 (kuphatikiza kukonza 0,8 × 10⁴ rMB / toni) | 15-20 | Machala 0.25 |
| 7000 Mndandanda | 3t (Txpper) | 80 (Aloyi 7075) | 4.2-4.8 | 11.2 (kuphatikiza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 1.5 × 10⁴ rMB / tani) | 8-12 | Machala 0.18 |
| 8000 Mndandanda | 2t (Txpper) | 100 (Aloyi 8030) | 5.0-5.5 | 9.8 (kuphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala 0,5 × 10⁴ rMB / toni) | 12-16 | Machala 0.22 |
Hw-c. Kugwirizana ndi Kusiyana kwa Kuphatikizika ndi Kusiyana kwa Malonda Kumalonda
Njira ya A.clart Covel Courplegy ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo
| Chinthu chagalimoto | Amakonda kwambiri | Zofunikira zaukadaulo (Kutengera GB / T 34546-2017) | Phindu Lopepuka (vs. Q345 chitsulo) | Magwiridwe akufanana (Kuphatikizapo miyezo yoyeserera) | Wamba wamba ntchito |
| Mapanelo amthupi | 5052-H112 | Elemenid ≥12%, Mchere Spray kukana ≥1000h, Kuwonongeka kwamphamvu ≤1.5% | 35% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa, 8% Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta | Kukakamiza (ifa kulondola) + Mog (Kuchuluka 2 kucheka) | Katundu wokhazikika ≤1.2nk /m, Zokhudza Kuyika ≤2nn |
| Mawonekedwe otalika | 7050-T7451 | Kukhala mphamvu ≥100mpa, kutopa moyo ≥1.2 × 10⁶km (10⁷ Zithunzi), kugwada kuliuma ≥20n / mm | 28% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa, 5% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa | Onjezera (Mbiri Intaneti) + T7451 Chithandizo cha kutentha (Kulimbana ndi Kupsinjika ≤2hb) | Kugwedezeka ≤80nn, katundu wa torsion ≤12k mbi |
| Kapangidwe ka thanki | 8030-T6 | Kukula kwa Pachaka ≤0.18mm (3.5% NCL yankho), Mphamvu yolumikizidwa ≥300MA, kulimba ≤1 × 10⁻⁴pa ³ / s | 22% Kuchepetsa kwa LCC, 50% Kukonzanso kukonzanso | Kugudubuka (Kuzungulira Kulekerera ≤0.5%) + Chingwe chikuyambitsa (Tth mulingo 2 kucheka) | Katundu wamkati wamkati ≤0.8MPA, Kutulutsa kwa phompho ≤2g |
| Misonkhano ya Wheel | 5083-H112 / 8011 | Kuvuta ≥65hb, Kulakwitsa Kwambiri Kwambiri ≤5g, radial frout ≤0.15mm | 18% Kuchepetsa nthawi ya inertia, 3% Mtunda wafupifupi | Kuletsa (kungoletsa quio ≥3) + Chithandizo cha Kukalamba (Katundu wa SanLagraphic ≥ 2) | DZIKO LAPANSI ≤15nk, Zovuta zonyamula ≤30nn |
Milandu ya B.typical
- Maxus Ev30 Thupi Lamagetsi Magetsi
Kapangidwe ka HIBRID ya 5052-H112 Alumninum Stoms (makulidwe 1.5-2.0mm) ndi a 6066-t6 amatengera, adalumikizana kudzera pa aluminium cam (Kuthamanga kuthamanga 1.2m / min, Kutentha kwa kutentha 18kj / cm) ndi fds (Chosangalatsa Choyenda) zamakompyuta (Kuunikira Torque 25-30Na m, Mphamvu Yogwirizana ≥3nk). Kuyesa kwa Galimoto kumatsimikizira kuti kuuma kwa thupi kumafika 28knk rad (12% apamwamba kuposa zitsulo zachitsulo), Kulemera kochepa kumachepetsedwa kuchokera mu 1850kg mpaka 1073kg (41.9% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa), NDEC Premine imachuluka kuchokera pa 280km mpaka 350kM (25% wonjezani), ndi 100km mphamvu zokwanira zimachepa kuchokera pa 14kWh mpaka 11.5kwh (17.9% kusitsa).
- Sino ya Simoteruk
7050-T7451 Mbiri Yakale (Gawo la 200 × 80 × 6mm, Kutalika kwa 12000mm) Sinthani Q345 chitsulo (makulidwe 8mmmmm). Pambuyo pa kuyesa kwa mchere (Gb / t 10125, 500h), Mtengo wam'mimba ndi ≤3%. Kuyesa kutopa (Kupsinjika raio r = 0.1, frequenn 10hz) Onetsetsani kuti palibe chotupa pambuyo pa 10⁷ cycles (kunenepa kutopa 320MPA). Kulemera kwa msonkhano kumachepetsedwa kuchokera pa 520kg mpaka 375kg (27.9% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa). Okonzeka ndi injini ya 440hp, Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta 100km kumachepetsa kuchokera ku 38l mpaka 35l (7.9% kusitsa) pansi pa katundu wathunthu (49 matani), Ndipo moyo wa Utumiki wa Chimango umafika pa 8 × 10⁵km mpaka 1.2 × 10⁶km (50% wonjezani).
- CIMC Reefer 8 × 4 Chemican Tank
8030-T6 aluminium (makulidwe 6mmmm, m'lifupi 2400mm) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndi kuwotcherera. Mikangano ikuyambitsa magawo owala: Kuthamanga kwa RORED 1200R / MN, kuyeretsa liwiro 500mm / min, kuthamanga kwa phewa 30nk. Kuyesa kumiza mkati 30% NACL Yankho ikuwonetsa kuti pachaka chamadzimadzi zimatsika kuchokera ku 0.32mm (Aloyi 5083) mpaka 0.18mm (43.8% kusitsa). Kuyesa kwa Tanking (0.8Kupanikizika kwa MPA, 30Kukakamizidwa Kugwira) imawonetsa kupanikizika ≤0.02MPA. Kulemera kwa thanki kumachepetsedwa kuchokera mu 1850kg mpaka 1320kg (28.6% Kuchepetsa Kuchepetsa), Moyo wa Utumiki umayambira 8 Zaka 13 zaka (62.5% wonjezani). Ngakhale mtengo woyamba umakwera 12,000 RMB, phindu la zaka 13 limapindula ndi 86,000 RMB (kuphatikizapo 65,000 RMB pamakonzedwe osungira komanso 21,000 Rmb pamafuta osunga mafuta).
Hw-d. Njira Zothetsera Ndondomeko ndi Maukadaulo
A. Mavuto Othandizira ndi Zogwirizana
- Kuwongolera Kuwongolera
| Mtundu wa chilema | 5000 Njira Zosintha (Kutengera fanizo la manambala) | 7000 Njira Zosintha (Kusanthula kwamitundu yambiri) | 8000 Njira Zosintha (Kuneneratu Microstruste) |
| Kanema wa oxide | Pre-Welld Studioss ndi Naoh yankho (5%-8%, 50℃ kwa 5min) + Kuyeretsa makina ndi 120-grit shrive chitsulo. Kusunthika kumatsimikizira: Kusamvana kwamtundu kumachepetsa 0,8N / m mpaka 0.6n / m, Kuchotsera makanema oxade ≥98% | AC Tiig ikuwala (frequency 100hz) Zoyeretsa Catodic + Chinsinsi cha Argon Chitetezo (Kuthamanga kwa 8-10l / mphindi). Sysweld kuyerekezera: malo osokoneza bongo (Hazi) m'lifupi wolamulidwa pa 3-5mm, Kuyatsa kwamvula yosakhazikika ≤0.1mm | Makina opera (180-240 grit sandpaper) + wosakanikirana mafuta (Ankha:Iye = 7:3). Thermo-Curcation: Kuchuluka kwa dothi lolten 20%, Al₃ni Gawo Lokhazikika 30% |
| Kusweka kotentha | Palibe chithandizo chapadera chofunikira (Hcs zogwirizana <0.6). Makina owotcha kutentha oyendetsedwa ndi 15-25kj / cm. Marc kuyerekezera: Kutentha kutentha kuli ≤50 ℃, Kuthana ndi vuto la kusokonekera ≤0.2 | Er5356 Filler waya (5% Ndipo) + segmentral (ikani kutentha kutentha ≤100 ℃). Abques kuyerekezera: Chokhacho chotsalira chimachepetsa kuchokera ku 350mA mpaka 280mm, mtengo wowotcha <0.5% | Kutentha kwa kutentha ≤15kj / cm (160-180, magetsi 20-22v). Jmatpro kuyerekezera: Kutentha kwamadzi kumawonjezeka ndi 5 ℃, zolimba-zamadzimadzi zokhala zokhazikika za 10%, mtengo wowotcha <1% |
| Kufewetsa | Kuyeretsa liwiro ≥0mm / s. Anss tfanizani: Hazi yofewa yodutsa ma 2-3mm, Kuwonongeka kwa Harnine ≤15% | Post-Weld Ow-kutentha Achifwamba pa 120 ℃ kwa 24h. Kusanthula kwa DSC: ❑'-gawo la Pulogalamu Yoyambiranso 90% mulingo wokalamba, Chovala cholumikizira chimbudzi ≥8% | Kuwotzera ≤180A. Kusanthula kwa data: Chiwerengero cha tirigu cha Haz ≤15%, ≥ hardiness ≥85% |
- Kupanga Kutsanzira
- 5000 Mndandanda: Njira Yotentha (150℃, kukakamizidwa kunyamula nthawi 10) amatengedwa. Misewu yokhoma imakonzedwa kudzera pa Dynaform kuyerekezera, Kuchulukitsa kalasi ya FLD kuchokera 0.22 ku 0.25, ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa malo opindika (Mutu wa curvaw ≤50mmm) kufikira 98%. Infrared kutentha kutentha (kulondola ± 2 ℃) kuwunikira kutentha kwapatu mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti muwonetsetse kutentha ≤5 ℃.
- 7000 Mndandanda: Kupanga mawonekedwe (2-3 chikudutsa) + zapakatikati (340℃ 1h, Kuziziritsa 5 ℃ / Min) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugawika Kupsinjika Kumalo Opeshoni, Kuchepetsa nkhawa zotsalira mukapanga kuchokera ku 300mpa ku 150mpa ndi Springback to ≤1.5 °. Servo imasindikizidwa (Nthawi Yoyankha 10ms) Yambitsani mphamvu yotsekedwa, Kukwaniritsa kulondola kwa kulondola kwa it10 kalasi.
- 8000 Mndandanda: Kusintha kwa Nickel (0.8%-1.2%) Kuchepetsa kupereka phindu lamphamvu (≤5m). Hydroform (kukakamiza 20-30mpa) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mabatani amakulidwe a Warnine amangoyenda ndi LS-Dyna, Kuwongolera khoma lochepera pa khoma ≤0.1mm. Radius wa bend amachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 2.5t mpaka 2t (20% kusitsa), ndi mawonekedwe a ≤1.6μm pambuyo poyambira.
B. Kuchita Zinthu Zachilengedwe
- Magwiridwe antchito 8000 Mndandanda
Kudzera mumitundu yambiri yolumikizirana (Chosaka), zirconium (ZR), ndi YNTRIum (Y), opangidwa kumene 8035 giledi (Chosaka:0.2%-0.3%, ZR:0.1%-0.15%, Y:0.05%-0.1%) amakwaniritsa mphamvu zopitilira 500mA ndikusunga 16% mlengalenga. Kutopa kwake kumalepheretsa kukula (da / dn) amachepetsa mpaka 1.2 × 10⁻⁹m / kuzungulira (33.3% kuchepetsa poyerekeza ndi 8030). Kupanga kwa laser (Mliri) imathandizira kupanga mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi kachulukidwe ka ≥99.5%. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu mu zamalonda zamalonda ndi madongosolo oyimitsidwa ndi 2026 (mtengo: 45,000 RMB / TON).
- Kukana Kupititsa patsogolo Kupititsa patsogolo 7000 Mndandanda
Micro-arc makilotion (Mao) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekereratu za conraotic ceratic pa 7075-t6 (makulidwe 10-15μm, kuvuta ≥800hv), Kuchulukitsa kupuma kwamchere kuyambira pa 500h mpaka 1500h (200% wonjezani) Ndi zokutira zotsatsa ≥50mga. Kuphatikiza nawo Mafuta am'madzi omwe adathandizidwa ndi ma plasma (PacVD), zokutira (makulidwe 2-3μm) imapangidwa pamoto, Kupititsa patsogolo kuvala kukana (Kupanga zolimbitsa thupi kuchepetsedwa 0.6 ku 0.3). Kugwiritsa ntchito pamagalimoto ogulitsa maofesi am'madzi (E.g., Makola) ndizotheka ndi 2025.
- Kutha kwa mtengo wa 5000 Mndandanda
The Kupitilira kopitilira ndikugudubuza (CCR) njira imasinthira ma indot its hot horling, kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa 15 masiku kuti 2 masiku (86.7% kusitsa) ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30% (kuchokera pa 500kwh / ton mpaka 350kwh / toni). Kutsimikiza kwa magnesium (4.0%-4.5%) amatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ≥310MSA ndikuchepetsa mtengo waiwisi 12% (kuchokera 32,000 RMB / TON kuti 28,000 RMB / TON). Kugwiritsa ntchito misa m'manamu am'manja azachuma (E.g., Magalimoto ogawa ma urban) ikuyembekezeka ndi 2024.
