Tchati cha Aluminium Alloy Series: 1xxx mpaka 8xxx Kufotokozera
Nambala ya manambala anayi pamatchulidwe a aluminiyamu sichitha. Nambala yoyamba imakuwuzani chinthu chachikulu cha alloying, ndipo chifukwa chake zambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa za momwe zitsulo zimakhalira.
Phunzirani mndandandawu ndipo mutha kuyang'ana giredi yosadziwika ndikulosera mawonekedwe ake - ngati angawotchere, kaya idzawononga, kaya akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha, ndi kulimba kwake.
Mndandanda wa dongosolo pang'onopang'ono
| Mndandanda | Chinthu chachikulu cha alloying | Kutentha koyenera | Kukana dzimbiri | Mphamvu zenizeni |
| 1xxx | Palibe - ≥99% aluminiyamu | Ayi | Zabwino kwambiri | Pansi |
| 2xxx | Mkuwa | Inde | Osauka | Wapamwamba kwambiri |
| 3xxx | Manganese | Ayi | Zabwino | Zochepa - zapakatikati |
| 4xxx | Silikoni | Ena | Zabwino | Wapakati |
| 5xxx | Magnesium | Ayi | Zabwino kwambiri | Wapakati |
| 6xxx | Magnesium + silicon | Inde | Zabwino | Wapakati-mmwamba |
| 7xxx | Zinki | Inde | Zabwino | Wapamwamba kwambiri |
| 8xxx | Ena (nthawi zambiri Fe, Li, kapena zojambulazo zenizeni) | Zimasiyana | Zimasiyana | Zimasiyana |
1xxx - aluminiyumu yoyera yamalonda
Kuphana: ≥99.00% aluminiyamu, palibe dala chowonjezera alloying.
| Giledi | Kukhala Uliri | Khalidwe |
| 1050 | ≥99.50% | Mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri komanso ma conductivity; zofewa |
| 1060 | ≥999.60% | Zoyera pang'ono; Zachikhalidwe chabwino |
| 1070 | ≥99.70% | Chiyero chachikulu |
| 1100 | ≥99.00% | Zolimba pang'ono (wamng'ono Cu), Kuchita bwino kwambiri |
| 1145 | ≥99.45% | Zojambulajambula |
| 1235 | ≥99.35% | Zojambulajambula komanso zosinthika zoyikapo |
Khalidwe: zofewa, wopangika kwambiri, zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, kwambiri kukana dzimbiri, osachiritsika ndi kutentha, mphamvu yotsika.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: zojambulazo ndi ma CD, Zida zamankhwala, ma conductor magetsi ndi mabasi, osinthanitsa, zophikira zozama kwambiri, zonyezimira ndi zokongoletsera ntchito, batire panopa wotolera zojambulazo.
Sankhani 1xxx pamene muyenera conductivity, pazipita formability, kapena kukana dzimbiri, ndipo mphamvu si chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
2xxx - mkuwa
Kuphana: mkuwa monga chowonjezera chachikulu (pafupifupi 3-6%).
| Giledi | Zindikirani |
| 2024 | Classic Aerospace Alloy; mphamvu yapamwamba, kukana kutopa kwabwino |
| 2011 | Free-machining |
| 2014 / 2017 | Zolemba zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zomangamanga |
Khalidwe: kutentha chotheka, mphamvu kwambiri, ntchito yabwino kutopa - koma kukana dzimbiri kosakwanira ndi kulephera kuwotcherera bwino. Nthawi zambiri amavala kapena utoto kuti atetezedwe.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: nyumba za ndege, zojambula zamlengalenga, zida zamakina zamphamvu kwambiri, zida zankhondo.
Chenjezo: kawirikawiri amapewedwa m'madera a m'nyanja komanso m'mapangidwe otchinga. Komanso anodizes bwino - si oyenera kukongoletsa anodizing.
3xxx - manganese
Kuphana: manganese monga chowonjezera chachikulu (kawirikawiri 1.0-1.5%).
| Giledi | Zindikirani |
| 3003 | Zolinga zonse za 3xxx alloy |
| 3004 | Mphamvu zapamwamba; chakumwa chitini matupi |
| 3105 | Zomangamanga, denga, kusamphira |
Khalidwe: osachiritsika ndi kutentha, mphamvu zapakatikati (pafupifupi 20% wamphamvu kuposa 1xxx), kwambiri formability ndi weldability, kukana dzimbiri bwino.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: kuphika ziwiya, zitini zakumwa, osinthanitsa, denga ndi m'mbali mwake, Zida zamankhwala, Ntchito yachitsulo.
4xxx - silicon
Kuphana: silicon monga chowonjezera chachikulu.
Khalidwe: amachepetsa malo osungunuka, kumawonjezera fluidity. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwotcherera ndi brazing filler osati monga mankhwala. Magiredi ena a 4xxx amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kutentha; 4xxx fillers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 6xxx base zitsulo.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: waya wowotcherera ndi brazing filler (4043, 4047), ma pistoni ena ndi mapulogalamu osamva kuvala.
5xxx - magnesium
Kuphana: magnesium ngati chowonjezera chachikulu (pafupifupi 0.5-5.5%).
| Giledi | Magnesium | Zindikirani |
| 5005 | 0.5-1.1% | Architectural anodizing alloy |
| 5052 | 2.2-2.8% | General Marine ndi sheet zitsulo aloyi |
| 5083 | 4.0-4.9% | Zomanga m'madzi; mphamvu zapamwamba |
| 5086 | 3.5-4.5% | Zotengera za m'madzi ndi zopanikizika |
| 5754 | 2.6-3.6% | Magalimoto ndi ambiri |
| 5182 | 4.0-5.0% | Chakumwa chimatha |
Khalidwe: osachiritsika ndi kutentha, mphamvu yapakati-mpaka-mmwamba kuchokera ku kulimbitsa-kuwongolera kolimba, kwambiri kukana dzimbiri kuphatikizapo m'madzi, bwino kwambiri, mawonekedwe abwino m'mikhalidwe yofatsa.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: nyumba zapamadzi ndi kumanga boti, matupi agalimoto, zombo zopsinjika, cryogenic ntchito, mapanelo a zomangamanga, chizindikiro, cookwanya, akhoza kutha.
Sankhani 5xxx pamene muyenera kukana dzimbiri komanso weldability. Uwu ndiye mndandanda wapamadzi ndi zoyendera.
6xxx - magnesium ndi silicon
Kuphana: magnesium ndi silicon, kupanga Mg₂Si, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwa mndandanda kuchiritsidwa.
| Giledi | Zindikirani |
| 6061 | General-purpose structural alloy |
| 6063 | Zomangamanga extrusions; zabwino kwambiri anodizing |
| 6082 | European structural ofanana; amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe |
| 6005 / 6005A | Mapangidwe a extrusions |
Khalidwe: kutentha chotheka (T6 ndi chikhalidwe chofala), mphamvu yapakatikati mpaka-pamwamba, kukana dzimbiri bwino, Makina abwino, weldability wabwino (ngakhale mphamvu imatsika mu weld zone), extrudability kwambiri.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: zigawo zomangamanga ndi extrusions, mafelemu zomangamanga ndi khoma lotchinga, Zida Zopangira, mafelemu njinga, zida zamakina, kupopera, zopangira m'madzi.
Sankhani 6xxx pamene muyenera chochizira kutentha, chotheka, extrudable structural alloy yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino zozungulira. 6061 ndi aluminiyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu engineering general engineering.
7xxx - zinc
Kuphana: zinc monga chowonjezera chachikulu, nthawi zambiri ndi magnesium ndi mkuwa.
| Giledi | Zindikirani |
| 7075 | Aluminiyamu wamba wamphamvu kwambiri; zamlengalenga |
| 7005 | Zowotcherera, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafelemu anjinga ndi njinga zamoto |
| 7050 / 7150 | Aerospace mbale ndi forgings |
Khalidwe: kutentha chotheka, mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka mu aluminiyamu yopangidwa, koma kusachita bwino kwa dzimbiri komanso kusakhazikika bwino (kupatulapo monga 7005).
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito: nyumba za ndege, zida zamlengalenga zopanikizika kwambiri, katundu wamasewera apamwamba, ntchito zankhondo.
Chenjezo: kutengeka ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri ming'alu nthawi zina; anodizes bwino; nthawi zambiri samasankhidwira ntchito zapamadzi.
8xxx - zinthu zina
Kuphatikizika konse kwa ma alloys omwe sanaphimbidwe kwina. Mu zojambulazo, magiredi 8xxx ndi ena mwa ofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
| Giledi | Khalidwe | Gwiritsani ntchito |
| 8011 | Al-Fe-Si | The workhorse ma CD zojambulazo aloyi - banja zojambulazo, chotengera zojambulazo, PTP pharmaceutical lidding, zipewa za botolo |
| 8021 | Al-Fe-Si, kwambiri Si | Cold-form pharmaceutical zojambulazo, chachikulu kwambiri chimakhala |
| 8079 | Al-Fe-Si, otsika Si/Mn | Zakudya zotchinga kwambiri komanso zojambula zamankhwala, laminates wa thingauge |
| 8006 | Al-Fe-Mn | Chidebe ndi zolemba zojambulazo |
| 8090 / 8xxx Li kalasi | Aluminium-lifiyamu | Zamlengalenga, otsika osalimba |
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa 8xxx zolemba zojambulazo ndi chiyero cha zinthu zazing'ono. 8011 amalola silicon ndi manganese zambiri, kuzipangitsa kukhala zamphamvu komanso zotsika mtengo. 8021 ndi 8079 aletseni, kupereka ductility bwino, mapini ochepa komanso chotchinga chabwinoko - ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zozizira komanso zotchinga kwambiri.
Kuwerenga zizindikiro za mkwiyo
The suffix pambuyo kalasi akufotokoza chikhalidwe mankhwala:
| Suffix | Tanthauzo |
| F | Monga zopangidwa |
| O | Annealed - softest, pazipita formability |
| H | Kupsyinjika anaumitsa (ndi nambala yachiwiri ya digiri, ndipo nthawi zina gawo lachitatu la kukhazikika) |
| H1x | Kupsyinjika anaumitsa okha |
| H2x | Kupsyinjika kwaumitsidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa pang'ono |
| H3x | Kupsyinjika ndi kukhazikika |
| H12 / H14 / H16 / H18 | Kotala / theka / atatu kotala / zonse zolimba |
| H32 / H34 | Kupsyinjika anaumitsa ndi okhazikika - m'madzi mkwiyo |
| T | Thermally mankhwala (kutentha mankhwala) |
| T4 | Yankho ankachitira ndi mwachibadwa okalamba |
| T5 | Utakhazikika kuchokera kupanga ndi yokumba okalamba |
| T6 | Anakonza ankachitira ndi yokumba okalamba - pachimake mphamvu |
| T651 | T6 kuphatikiza kuchepetsa nkhawa potambasula |
Zothandiza: kwa ma aloyi omwe sangachiritse kutentha (1xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx) mudzangoona O ndi H kupsya mtima. Kwa ma aloyi ochiritsira kutentha (2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx) mudzawona T tempers.
Kalozera wosankha mwachangu
| Ngati mukufuna… | Mndandanda | Mlingo wamba |
| Maximum formability kapena conductivity | 1xxx | 1050, 1060 |
| Kupaka zojambulazo, cholinga chonse | 8xxx | 8011 |
| High-chotchinga kapena ozizira mawonekedwe zojambulazo | 8xxx | 8079, 8021 |
| General sheet zitsulo, mphamvu zapakatikati | 3xxx | 3003 |
| Marine corrosion resistance | 5xxx | 5052 |
| Zomanga m'madzi | 5xxx | 5083 |
| General structural, chotheka | 6xxx | 6061 |
| Zomangamanga extrusion, odana | 6xxx | 6063 |
| Mphamvu zazikulu | 7xxx | 7075 |
| Mapangidwe apamlengalenga | 2xxx / 7xxx | 2024, 7075 |
FAQ
Kodi manambala oyamba a kalasi ya aluminiyamu amatanthauza chiyani?? Chinthu chachikulu cha alloying: 1 = woyera, 2 = mkuwa, 3 = manganese, 4 = silicon, 5 = magnesiamu, 6 = magnesiamu + silicon, 7 = zinc, 8 = zina.
Ndi aluminiyumu iti yomwe ili yamphamvu kwambiri? 7xxx (zinki), motsogozedwa ndi 7075, amapereka mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri mu aluminiyumu yopangidwa. 2xxx (mtovu) ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.
Ndi mndandanda uti womwe uli ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri? 1ndi 5xxx. 5xxx (makamaka 5052, 5083, 5086) amaphatikiza kukana dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zothandiza, nchifukwa chake amalamulira ntchito zapamadzi.
Kodi aluminiyumu yonse imatha kutenthedwa? Ayi. 2xxx, 6xxx ndi 7xxx amatha kutentha. 1xxx, 3xxx ndi 4xxx si - amapeza mphamvu kokha chifukwa cholimbikira ntchito (H amakwiya).
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani 6061 ndi 6063? 6061 ndi wamba structural aloyi ndi mphamvu apamwamba ndi machinability bwino. 6063 ndi zomangamanga extrusion aloyi ndi pamwamba pamwamba mapeto ndi wapamwamba anodizing kuyankha.
Chifukwa chiyani 8011, 8021 ndi 8079 zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula? Zonse ndi ma aloyi a Al-Fe-Si, koma amasiyana momwe zinthu zing'onozing'ono zimaletsedwera. 8011 amalola zambiri pakachitsulo ndi manganese - wamphamvu, zotsika mtengo. 8021 ndi 8079 ndi oyera - zambiri ductile, mapini ochepa, chotchinga bwino.
T6 imatanthauza chiyani? Anakonza kutentha ankachitira ndiye yokumba okalamba kuti pachimake mphamvu. Zimangogwira ntchito kuzitsulo zopangira kutentha.
Ndi aloyi iti yomwe ndiyenera kusankha yowotcherera? 5xxx (5052, 5083) amawotcherera bwino kwambiri ndipo amakhalabe ndi mphamvu momwe amawotcherera. 6xxx amawotchera movomerezeka koma amataya mphamvu m'malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha. 2xxx ndi 7xxx nthawi zambiri amakhala osauka.
Sindikudziwa kuti ndi mndandanda uti womwe mukufuna?
Titumizireni pempho lanu, chilengedwe, njira yopangira ndi mphamvu zofunikira. Tikupangira mndandanda ndi giredi - ndikukuwuzani ngati aloyi wotchipa angachite ntchitoyi.