Anodizing mankhwala njira zotayidwa pamwamba

Kukopa

Ziribe kanthu kuti njira iti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu za aluminium ndi zinthu, padzakhala dothi ndi zilema pamtunda wosiyanasiyana, monga fumbi, zitsulo oxides (mafilimu achilengedwe kapena aluminiyamu oxide opangidwa pa kutentha kwambiri), mafuta otsalira, zizindikiro za asphalt, yokumba Kunyamula matope (zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mafuta zidulo ndi nayitrogeni

1. Oxalic acid

Zambiri mwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza sulufuric acid a acid imagwiranso ntchito pa oxalic acid, zomwe zitha kugwiritsa ntchito molunjika, Kusintha kwapano, kapena zopambana za kusinthana kwapano komanso mwachindunji. Pansi pazomwezi, Kanemayo omwe apezeka ndikusinthana maxidation akukono ndi ofewa komanso ocheperako; Maxidation apano oxidation amakonda kupondereza, Koma kusinthana makutidwe ndi maxidation apano kungalepheretse. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zikuchitika, kukana kwa filimuyo kumawonjezeka, koma utoto umakhala , Katundu wopaka utoto ndi woipa kuposa wa sulfuric acid film. Kukhazikika kwa oxalic acid mu electrolyte ndi 3%-10%, mwazonse 3%-5%. Munthawi ya oxidation, aliyense a. H imatha pafupifupi 0.13-0.14g, pomwe aliyense. H Pali 0.08-0.0900, zomwe zikuyenera kuwononga 5 Nthawi zochulukirapo ma oxalic acid. Aluminium ion ion ion yothetsera vutoli imayendetsedwa pansipa 20g / l, Ndipo ikakhala ndi 30g / l aluminium, yankho lidzalephera. Oxalic acid electrolyte ndi yovuta kwambiri ndi chloride. Mukapanga aluminiyamu yoyera kapena aluminium aluya, Zolemba za chloride siziyenera kupitirira 0.04-0.02g / l, choncho. Njira yothetsera vutoli limakonzedwa bwino ndi madzi oyera. Monga kutentha kwa electrolyte kumawonjezeka, Kanemayo amakhala wowonda. Kuti apeze mafilimu, PH ya yankho iyenera kukwezedwa. Pamakono a Haoding amagwiritsa ntchito, graphite kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzita, ndipo gawo lake lakumalo ndi pakati (1:2)-(1:1). Oxalic acid ndi acid ofooka ndi solubility. Pamene aluminiyamu ndi oxidized, Zogulitsa ndi electrolyte ziyenera kukhazikika. Makulidwe ndi utoto wa oxalic acid filry imasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe ka alloy. Kukula kwa mafilimu a aluminiyamu oyera ndi chikasu kapena silvery oyera, Pomwe mafilimu a filimu a Alloy ndiabwino kwambiri ngati chikasu ndi mkuwa. Pambuyo oxidation, Wolembayo amatsukidwa. Ngati sichingapatsidwe, Itha kusindikizidwa ndi nthunzi ndi kukakamiza kwa 3.43 × 10 4 Pamaso pa 30-60 mphindi.

2. Chromic acid

Njira yonyada ya chromu yosiyidwa imawonetsedwa pagome-4. Kusanthula kwa ndende kuyenera kuchitika kawirikawiri panthawi ya oxidation, Ndipo chrocride ya chhydride iyenera kuwonjezeredwa munthawi. Zida za Catode of Electrolysis zitha kutsogolera, chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi chiwerengero chabwino kwambiri cha malo okhala ku Cast ndi (5:1)-(10:1). Pakakhala ma chromium ambiri mu yankho, Amatha kukhala oxidized chromial ma extrolysis. Ngati sulfate yokhala mu yankho imapitilira 0.5%, Zotsatira za andodic sizothandiza. Pamene sulfate ion ndi yayitali, Barium hydroxide kapena bar Carbotete akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti apange ma barium sulfate mpweya. Zokhumba za chloride mu yankho siziyenera kupitirira 0.2g / l. Pamene chromium zomwe zili mu yankho zimaposa 70g / l, Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya romic ad posungira, Njira yonyamuka yosinthira yamagetsi kapena njira yosinthira magetsi (Ndondomeko yamphamvu ya acid acid).

3. Cholimba (kanema wandiweyani) odana

Kunyamuka kolimba ndi njira yopanga yopanga filimu yolimba ndi yolimba pakhungu la aluminium ndi aluminiyamu. Kukula kwa kukula kwa filimu yolimba kumatha kufikira 250μm, Microhardness ya filimuyo yopangidwa pa aluminium yoyera ndi 12000-15000mA, ndipo alloy nthawi zambiri amakhala 4000-6000mA, zomwe zili zofanana ndi zomwe zili pachimake cholimba, ndipo ali ndi kuvala bwino kwambiri pamakhalidwe otsika. , Chidani cha filimu yolimba 20%, zomwe ndizotsika kuposa za sulufuly filc film. Njira zina zolimbana zimawonetsedwa pagome-7.
Njira yonyamuka

Ayi. Kutentha kwa electrolyte / digiri yaposachedwa /(A / DM2) Yambani ndi kumapeto kwa volt / v nthawi / min fict makulidwe / μm

Yambitsani magetsi omaliza

1 15% sulfuric acid + 14- 44 2-2.1 26 120 90 50
2 15% Boric acid, 4%Na2HC6H5O7 +60-+70 0.4-0.6 100 300 240 200
3 10% sulfuric acid + 100w / dm2 15-25 80 60 10-130
4 15% Sulfuric acid-1- 45 2-2.5 25-30 40-60 60-240 28-150
5 10% Sulfuric acid + 8- + 10 25 60 60 25-60
6 10%-15% Sulfuric acid0 -+4 5 Ac 10-12 60-70
DC 20-24 120-140
7 6%-8% oxalic acid dihhydrate mikhalidwe imasiyana malinga ndi alloy
8 6%-7% sulfuric acid + 3% -6% owonjezera owonjezera owonjezera + 4.5-+18+4.5-+18 1.3-2 10 150 40 65
9 10%-20% Sulfuric acid-6 mpaka 10 30 280 160 115-150
10 10%-15% Sulfuric acid + 8 4 20-25 60 60 55 -80
11 5.5% formic acid, 8% oxalic acid dihydrate +15-+25 3-6 45 90 100-250

4. Porceya dzulo

Choumbidwa kuyika aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyamu oyang'anira ali ndi mchere wa titanium, Miteni ya zirconium kapena Thorium mchere wa oxalic acid, citric acid ndi boric acid, Ndipo hydroxide ya zitsulo zamchere mu yankho limalowa mu makanema a filimu ya oxide, kotero kuti pamalo a malonda akuwonetsa mankhwala ndi opaque ndi kuphatikizira enamel kapena mawonekedwe apulasitiki okhala ndi loster yapadera. Njira ya porcelain yosungirako ndi yofanana ndi ya sulufuric acid. Kusiyanako ndikuti porceited kumachitika pa DC Hight (115-125V) ndi kutentha kwabwino (50-60 madigiri), Ndipo electrolyte nthawi zambiri imasunthidwa. , Nthawi zambiri amasintha mtengo wa pH kuti mupange 1.6-2.

Kuchiritsa Kuchiza

Njira yokongola ya mankhwala imakhala ndi phindu losavuta, Kuwongolera kosavuta, Kuchita bwino, mtengo wotsika, Chida chotsika, utoto wapamwamba kwambiri ndi utoto wowala. Komabe, Zogulitsa zazikuluzikulu zimakonda kukomoka, yosavuta kuthetsa pambuyo poyeretsa, Kusindikiza kosayenera, kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina. . Mankhwala amphamvu a aluminium aluminized filimu yokhazikitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwa filimu yopanda ma utoto ngati ulusi wa ma utoto ngati nsalu. Mwazonse, Umodzi mwawirikiza wa filimu yovomerezeka ndi 0.01-0.03μμm, ndipo utoto umalekanitsidwa kukhala mamolekyulu amodzi m'madzi, ndi mainchesi 0,0015-0.0030μm. Pamadzola, Utoto umakhala pamwamba pa ma pores ndi kusokoneza ma pores. Kusanjikiza kwa membrane kuli utoto ndi ionic yolumikizana ndi hydrogen, ndipo utoto umakhazikika mu ma pores ukasindikizidwa.

(1) Kupaka ndi utoto wambiri

1. Kusankha kwa
utoto pali mitundu yambiri ya utoto wopangidwa , ndipo utoto umasankhidwa molingana ndi magwiridwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Utoto wosungunuka wa sungunuka ndi wokwera mtengo ndipo ali ndi utoto wabwino kwambiri, Chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu utoto wa zinthu zapamwamba za aluminium monga zolembera zagolide, onjezerani, ndi zothandizira pakumva; Utoto woledzera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulungu wa aluminium; Utoto wosungunuka wa mafuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza aluminium. Sungunulani mu nitrocellulose musanagwiritse ntchito zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu varniss monga momveka bwino, vinyl kapena polyamide, kapena mu Melamine amaunika ndi epoxy amasungunuka kusungunuka kuphika. Pambuyo kusindikiza, Kanema woyenda ndi utoto umapangidwa pamwamba pa zojambulazo za aluminium. Mitundu ya utoto womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wa aluminium amaphatikizapo utoto wa asidi, utoto wa acid, acid acid utoto, utoto mwachindunji, utoto wa asidi wa asidi, Zovuta za Utoto, sungunuka wa sungunuka, Maumwini, utoto woyambira, utoto woledzera, utoto wosungunulira mafuta, ndi zina. .

2. Njira yopangira utoto ndi kuwongolera

(1) Utoto wa monochromatic: Viyikani zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi ma aluminium mu soloni pamoto wotchulidwa. Nthawi yopaka utoto zimatengera utoto, ndipo kusamba kusamba kwa utoto kumatha kulamuliridwa pa chiwerengero cha 10 ku voliyumu yogulitsa: 1.

(2) Utoto wa utoto wambiri: Ngati mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo imapangidwa pamagawo a aluminium, monga malo, maluwa ndi mbalame, ntchito, otchulidwa, ndi zina., Njira yosindikiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumaliza mbale yosindikiza. maganizo ena) ndi mawonekedwe a scy, Njira yosindikiza mwachindunji, penti yotsutsa, Njira Yopaka, ndi zina. itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zochita zomwe zimachitika pambuyo polowetsa mtundu woyamba, Gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo kusindikiza filimu yoteteza utoto pagawo lomwe likufunika kusiya mtundu, Chotsani mtundu wotsalira, ndi wachiwiri, Mitundu yachitatu komanso yochulukirapo imatha kutsatiridwa ndi analogy. Kuzungulira kwa utoto ndi njira zamawu a utoto wosiyanasiyana zimawonetsedwa pagome-9.

Utoto wa utoto wa utoto g / l kutentha 0c mtengo nthawi

Aludye wakuda wakuda hbk 8-10 50-60 5.5-6 15-30
MBK wakuda 8-10 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
Black Mrl 10-12 50-60 5.0-6.0 5-30
BBK BBK 10-12 50 -60 5.0-6.0 15-30
Black dg 10 55-60 6.0-7.0 10-30
Wal Wal 10-12 50-55 6.0-7.0 15-30
Black MLW 8-12 50-60 4.2-4.8 5-30
Aludye red red a 2-5 50-60 5-5.5 5-10
Big Red D4BS <25 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-10
MB yofiyira 0.5-5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
Ofiira b 2-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
Ofiira D4B 2 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-10
Ofiira sbr <3 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-10
Frb ofiira 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
3b ofiira 3b 1- 2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
A MBES 1-2 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
Mbedi yayikulu 1-2 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
Ofiira rbl 2 55-60 4.5-5.0 5-15
Red pbl 2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
Red CFB 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-15
Red Fpr Yokhazikika Kwambiri 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Chachikulu chofiyira chachikulu kwambiri 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Pinki bn 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-15
Aludye lofiirira violet bb <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Wofiirira MFBL <5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Wofiirira RVB <5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Wofiirira Mbi <5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Burgundy b 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
Aludye Brown Brown Brl <2 50-60 4.5-5.0 5-15
Brown CFA 0.5-2 55-60 4.5-5.5 5-15
Brown thm 0.5-5 55-60 5.0 -6.0 5-10
Blaw bm 0.5-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
Bulauni 0.5-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
Bbl Kbl 1-5 55-60 5.5-6.5 5-15
Red ag 0.1-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Chikasu chikasu 0.2-2 56-60 4.5-5.0 5-10
Aludye wobiriwira bgln bgln <2 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
Ma RG obiriwira 1-9 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-15
Green 5gm <2 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Green M6B <2 50-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
Wobiriwira abgl <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Green DB 0.5-2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
Green A3GM 2-5 55-60 6.0- 7.0 5-15
Aludye chikasu 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
Kuuluka kwachikaso 0.2-5 50-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
Chikasu dll 0.5-2 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-10
Chikasu 0.2-2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Chikasu dgl 0.2-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Chikasu 3rf 0.5-5 55-60 4.5-5.5 5-10
Chikasu ybl 0.2-2 50-55 5.0 – 5.5 5-15 Chikasu
mdzukulu 0.5-2 55-60 5.5-6.5 5-10
Chikasu 2gl 1-2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
Chikasu <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Chikasu chowala 1-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Aludye lalanje d2gl 0.1-2 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-15
Orange GRA 0.1-2 50-55 5.5-6.5 5-10
Golide g 2 27-60 5.5-6.5 1- 10
Orange Srl 2-5 50-55 5.5-6.5 1-10
Orange <2 50-55 4.5-5.5 5-10
GLARD GNS 0.5-5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Aludye Blue Nyanja ya Black Ab 1-2 50-55 4.5-5.0 5-15
Blue 2lw 0.5-2 55 5.5-6.0 5-15
Blue GBL 1-2 50-55 4.5-5.5 5-15
Blue 2al 1-2 50-55 4.5 5-15
Navy Blue NBL 1-2 55 5.8 5-15
Turquoise buluu gb 0.5-2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-15
Aludye imvi mbl 0.5-2 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-10
Imvi 0.5-1 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Imvi 2bl 0.1-1 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
Grey Abl 0.5-10 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-20
Imvi gubl 0.5-2 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-10
Imvi chabe 0.5-1 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
Grey G2rc 1-10 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-15
Gress GR 1-10 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
Imvi 2-5 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-10
Aludye Bronze Bronzi 2lW 2-5 55-60 4.0- 5.0 5-10