Cilmi-baadhis ku saabsan Tignoolajiyada Dib-u-warshadaynta iyo Daawaynta Isku-dhafan ee 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminium

Abstract

006 aluminium foil (dhumucda ≤ 0.006mm) waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qaababka isku dhafan ee baakadaha dabacsan (E.g., PE/aluminium foil/PA, PET/foil aluminium/PE) cuntada, dawooyinkaasho, iyo warshadaha elektiroonigga ah sababtuna tahay sifooyinka wanaagsan ee caqabadaha iyo ductility. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baakadaha dabacsan sida, lagu gartaa halabuurka maaddooyinka badan ee “bireed aluminium-caag-dhesive”, waxay la kulmaan caqabado ku saabsan dib u warshadaynta iyo daaweynta, oo ay ku jiraan kala soocida interface adag, luminta foil aluminium fudud, iyo wasakhowga sare. Warqadani waxay si habaysan u falanqaysaa sifooyinka alaabta 006 aluminium bireed baakad dabacsan, waxay faahfaahisay dib u warshadaynta guud iyo hababka daawaynta sida kala soocida jirka, xaalufka kiimikada, iyo isku dhafka jirka iyo kiimikaad, waxay baartaa dhibaatooyinka farsamada ee muhiimka ah, waxayna soo jeedinaysaa jihooyin horumarineed oo mustaqbalka ah oo ku salaysan kiisaska la taaban karo. Waxay ujeedadeedu tahay inay bixiso tixraacyo farsamo oo lagu horumarinayo dib-u-warshadaynta kheyraadka 006 aluminium bireed baakad dabacsan.

Eco-a. Gogoldhig

Ka faa'iidaysiga faa'iidooyinka “khafiif fudud + caqabad sare”, 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminiumku waxay leedahay isticmaalka sanadlaha ah in ka badan hal milyan oo tan oo beero ah sida baakadaha cuntada aseptic (E.g., baakadaha barkinta caanaha), baakadaha bilisterka daawada, iyo baakadaha gaashaanka u ah qaybaha elegtarooniga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qashin ka dib, biibiile aluminium ah ee meelaha qashin-qubka waxay qaadataa qarniyo inay hoos u dhigaan, halka lakabyada balaastikada ah ay si fudud u keenaan wasakhowga microplastic; Gubiddu waxay sii deysaa gaasaska sunta ah waxayna lumisaa agabka aluminiumka (isticmaalka tamarta macdanta bauxite waa 20 waqtiyada aluminium dib loo warshadeeyay). Marka loo eego xogta ka soo baxday Xiriirka Baakadaha Shiinaha, heerka dib u warshadaynta ee 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminium ee Shiinaha ayaa ka yaraa 30% gudaha 2024, aad uga hooseeya kan 65% heerka dib u warshadaynta ee alaabta aluminium caadiga ah. Sidaa darteed, horumarinta tignoolajiyada dib-u-warshadaynta iyo daawaynta waxtarka leh oo deegaanka u wanaagsan ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh gaaritaanka “laba kaarboon” yoolalka iyo dhaqaalaha wareegtada.

Eco-b. Guryaha Alaabta iyo Caqabadaha Dib-u-warshadaynta ee 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminium

A. Guryaha Qalabka Muhiimka ah

1. Guryaha 006 Aluminium Foil: Waxay leedahay dhumuc aad u khafiif ah (0.005-0.006mm) iyo daahirnimo sare (≥99.7%). Inkastoo ductility aad u fiican, waxa ay leedahay cudud yar (≤120MPa) waxayna u nugul tahay dhaawaca inta lagu jiro farsamaynta farsamada. Filim khafiif ah oo Al₂O₃ ah (3-5nm dhumuc) si sahal ah ayay korkeeda ugu samaysantaa oksaydhaynta awgeed, taas oo wanaajisa iska caabbinta daxalka laakiin saameynaysa nadiifinta xiga ee kheyraadka aluminium.

2. Guryaha Qaab-dhismeedka Isku-dhafka ah: Nidaamka isku dhafan ee caadiga ah waa “lakabka substrate (PET/PA) + lakabka bireed aluminium + lakabka kuleyliyaha (PE/PP)”, oo ay ku xidhan yihiin xabagyada dareeraha ku salaysan (E.g., xabagta poliurethane) ama hababka isku-dhafan ee isku-dhafka ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, Xabagta poliurethane waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta isku-xiran ee sare (maadada jel ≥85%), iska caabin dareere xoog leh, iyo baaxadda caabbinta heerkulka ballaaran (-40-120℃), noqoshada caqabadda udub-dhexaadka u ah kala-soocidda interface.

B. Caqabadaha Muhiimka ah ee Dib u warshadaynta

1. Waxtarka kala soocida Interface hooseeya: Tamarta isku xidhka is dhexgalka ee udhaxeysa xabagta iyo aluminium bireed/lakabka balaastikada ah wuxuu gaaraa 20-30J/m². Hababka jireed ee caadiga ah way adagtahay in la jebiyo curaarta isku xidhka, taasoo keentay in aan dhamaystirnayn kala soocida aluminium iyo caag (daahirnimada kala soocida ≤80%).

2. Khasaare Ba'an oo Fool Aluminium ah: 006 foornada aluminiumku waa dhuuban oo jilicsan, si fudud u keenaya “luminta budada aluminium” (heerka khasaaraha ≥10%) inta lagu jiro burburinta iyo kala-soocidda. Heerkeeda oksaydhisku wuxuu kordhiyaa 5%-8% oo leh waqti ka baaraandegis dheer.

3. Khatarta wasakhowga dugsiga sare: Daaweynta kiimikaad, mugga kacsan ee dareerayaasha (E.g., toluene, ethyl acetate) wuxuu gaarayaa 50-100mg/m³; pyrolysis waxay soo saartaa VOCs (E.g., taxanaha benzene) iyo dioxins (nuxurka ≤0.1ng TEQ/m³), u baahan maalgelin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan kharashka daaweynta gaaska qiiqa.

4. Isku dheelitir la'aanta dhaqaalaha: Qiimaha dib u warshadaynta dhaqameed waa qiyaastii 2,000-3,000 RMB/ton, halka qiimaha iibinta aluminium dib loo warshadeeyay uu yahay kaliya 500-800 RMB/ton ayaa ka hooseeya kan aluminiumka aasaasiga ah, taasoo horseedaysa xamaasad hoose oo ganacsiyada dib u warshadaynta.

Eco-c. Dib u warshadaynta iyo hababka daawaynta isku dhafan ee 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminium

A. Habka Dib-u-warshadaynta Jireed: Wasakhda Hoose iyo Cabbirka Fudud

Ku qotoma “kala saarista farsamada + kala soocidda jireed”, Habka jireed wuxuu ku habboon yahay baakad dabacsan oo isku dhafan oo leh maaddo yar oo dhejis ah (≤5%). Nidaamyada caadiga ah waa sida soo socota:

1. Heerkulka-hooseeya-Habraaca Kala-saarida Korontada

• Habka: Dhig baakooyinka dabacsan meel heerkulkiisu hooseeyo (-80~-100℃) si loo jeexjeexo lakabka caagga ah (heerkulka kala-guurka galaasku wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa 20-30 ℃), ka dibna ku burburi qaybo 5-10mm ah adigoo isticmaalaya burushka dubbe; bireed aluminium gaar ah (kirishbooy) iyo caag (dahaarka) by kala qaybiyaha koronto (danab 30-50kV) oo ku salaysan kala duwanaanshahooda koronto.

• Saamayn: Heerka soo kabashada aluminium ≥85%, nadiifnimada caagga ah ≥90%, isticmaalka tamarta qiyaastii 80-100kWh/ton; si kastaba ha ahaatee, loogu talagalay baakado dabacsan oo leh waxyaabo xabag ah oo sarreeya, dusha bireed aluminium xabagta (waxa ku jira ≥3%) kala soocida ka dib, u baahan polishing xiga.

2. Habka diirinta kulaylka-Briquetting

• Mabda'a: Isticmaal kuleylinta infrared (120-150℃) si loo jilciyo xabagta (viscosity ayaa hoos u dhacay ilaa 1,000-2,000mPa・s), Kala saar foornada aluminiumka iyo lakabka balaastiigga leh diirka-roolaha; ku cadaadi xaashida aluminiumka keega aluminiumka adigoo isticmaalaya mishiinka birqueting (cadaadiska 10-15MPa), iyo dib u warshadaynta lakabka caaga ah iyada oo loo marayo granulation.

• Faa'iidada: Hufnaanta wanaagsan ee foil aluminium (heerka dhaawaca ≤3), ku habboon dib-u-warshadaynta caarada aluminium-dhamaadka sare; khasaare: isticmaalka tamarta sare (150-200kWh/ton) iyo adhesion fudud ee lakabka kulaylka PE ee rullaluistemadka.

B. Habka Dib-u-warshadaynta Kiimikada: Daahirnimo Sare iyo Beegsi Xoog Leh

Habka kiimikaadku wuxuu burburiyaa qaab dhismeedka xabagta ama balaastikada iyadoo la isticmaalayo dareerayaasha ama reagents si loo gaaro dib-u-warshad hufan oo aluminium ah., ku habboon baakadaha dabacsan ee qiimaha sare leh ee lagu daray (E.g., Baakadaha dawooyinka):

1. Habka Kala Diridda

• Habka: Isticmaal N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) ama dimethylformamide (DMF) sida dareerayaasha, Ku qooy baakada dabacsan 80-100 ℃ 2-4 saac si aad u milmaan xabagta ku salaysan polyurethane ee dareeraha; kala saar foil aluminium by sifaynta, Ka soo kabso dareeraha iyada oo loo marayo distillation (heerka soo kabashada ≥90%), oo ku qalaji lakabka caagga ah biyo ku dhaq ka hor granulation.

• Tusmada: Nadiifinta foil aluminium ≥99.5%, heerka soo kabashada ≥95%; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Qiimaha dareeruhu waa sarreeyaa (NMP waa qiyaastii 15 RMB/kg), waxaana loo baahan yahay in si adag loo xakameeyo isbeddelka dareeraha (xadka gaadhista shaqada 200mg/m³).

2. Habka xaalufinta Aashitada-Base

• Kala soocidda: Nidaamyada acidic (E.g., 10%-15% H₂SO₄, 80-90℃) waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa polyamide (PA) substrates, halka hababka alkaline (E.g., 5%-8% Dadkooh, 60-70℃) waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa khamriga polyvinyl (PVA) xabagta.

• Isticmaal: Wixii PET/foil aluminium/PA baakadaha dabacsan, marka hore ku dumi lakabka PA oo leh aashito, Kadibna hoos u dhig xabagta haraaga ah ee alkali ah si aad ugu dambeyntii u hesho foil aluminium saafi ah (daahirnimo ≥99.2%); si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dareeraha qashinka ah ee salka aashitada ah wuxuu u baahan yahay daaweyn dhexdhexaadin ah (pH lagu hagaajiyay 6-8), soo saarista hadhaaga milixda (qiyaastii 5%-8% ee mugga processing).

J. Habka Isku-dhafka Jireed iyo Kiimikada: Isku-dheellitirnaan Wax-ku-ool ah iyo Isku-dheellitirka Qiimaha

Isku-dubbaridka miisaanka hababka jireed iyo nadiifinta sare ee hababka kiimikada, Habka la isku daray waa jihada horumarinta guud ee hadda jirta:

1. Habka Xalalka Caawinta Ultrasonic

• Habka: Ku burburi baakooyinka dabacsan ee qaybaha 2-3mm heerkulka qolka, ku dar ethanol-biyo dareere isku qasan (saamiga mugga 3:1), iyo hoos ficilka beer ultrasonic ah (awood 300-500W, inta jeer ee 20-40kHz), waxtarka kala firdhinta xabagta ayaa kordhisa 40%-60%; u kala saar foil aluminium by centrifugation (heerka soo kabashada ≥92%), oo hawo kulul ku qalaji qaybaha caagga ah (60-70℃) dib u warshadaynta.

• Faa'iidada: Isticmaalka dareeraha ayaa hoos u dhacay 30%, wareegga habaynta ayaa lagu soo gaabiyay 1-2h, kharashka lagu dhimay 1,500-2,000 RMB/ton. Waxaa lagu dabaqay si baaxad weyn ganacsiga baakadaha cuntada gudaha ee dib u warshadaynta (awoodda processing 500 tan/bishii).

2. Habka Kala soocida Pyrolysis-dhalaalid

• Mabda'a: Pyrolyze baakadda dabacsan ee foornada pyrolysis ee aan ogsajiin (400-500℃) si loogu beddelo lakabka caagga ah isku-dhafka saliid-gaaska (loo isticmaali karo shidaal ahaan) oo u kala jajabiso xabagta isku-dhisyada-molecule-yar-yar; ku dhalaali xaashida aluminiumka foornada dhalaalaysa (660-700℃), ka saar lakabka oksaydhka oogada adoo ku daraya 3%-5% cryolite sida qulqulka, oo ku rid alwaaxyada aluminiumka ah (daahirnimo ≥98.5%).

• Muujinta: Ma jirto wasakhowga dareeraha ah, heerka soo kabashada saliid-gaaska ≥70%; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan tahay in la taageero hababka daaweynta gaaska qiiqa (E.g., adsorption kaarboon firfircoon + gubasho catalytic) iyo maalgelinta qalabka bilowga ah ee sare (qiyaastii 20 milyan RMB halkii khad wax soo saar).

D. Isbarbardhigga Farsamada Hababka Dib-u-warshadaynta Guud

Si aad si dareen leh u soo bandhigto faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha hababka kala duwan, Halbeegyada farsamo ee asaasiga ah ayaa lagu soo koobay shaxdan soo socota:

Eco-D. Falanqaynta Kiisaska Codsiga ee Caadiga ah

A. Mashruuca Dib-u-warshadaynta ee Ganacsiga Caanaha Gudaha

• Shayga Habaynta: PE / aluminium bireed / baakadda barkin aseptic PA (006 waxyaabaha ku jira biilka aluminium qiyaastii 15%)

• Wadada Geedi socodka: Burburinta heerkulka hooseeya (-90℃) → Kala-soocidda korantada → Kala dirida ethanol-ka caawiya ee Ultrasonic → Biriquetting foil aluminium ah

• Saamayn: Heerka soo kabashada aluminium 95.3%, heerka soo kabashada caagga ah 88.7%. Aluminium dib loo warshadeeyay ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro bireedyo aluminium ah oo bannaan (qiime 650 RMB/ton ka hooseeya aluminium aasaasiga ah), iyo balaastiig dib loo warshadeeyay ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo baakadaha baakadaha, yaraynta qiiqa CO₂ sanadlaha qiyaastii 800 tan.

B. Farsamada Ganacsiga Dib-u-warshadaynta Baakadaha Dawada Yurub

• Shayga Habaynta: PET/foil aluminium/ baakad bilister ah (006 nadiifnimada bireed aluminium 99.9%)

• Wadada Geedi socodka: Soo saarista sare ee CO₂ (heerkulka 31 ℃, cadaadiska 7.38MPa) → Nadiifinta bireed aluminium → Dib u warshadaynta PET

• Faa'iidada: Supercritical CO₂ waxay leedahay heerka kala dirida xabagta 98% oo aan lahayn haraaga dareere ah. Nadiifnimada bireed aluminium ayaa gaarta 99.8%, iyo PET-da dib loo warshadeeyay ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro substrates baakadaha heerka-farmasiga, u hoggaansanaanta xeerarka EU REACH. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kharashka habayntu waa qiyaastii 4,000 RMB/ton, ku habboon oo keliya beeraha-dhamaadka sare.

J. Shaxda Isbarbardhigga Waxqabadka ee Kiisaska Caadiga ah

Qorid: *Kiiska ganacsiga elektaroonigga ah ee gudaha waa codsi warshadeed oo dheeri ah. Habka dhalaalinta pyrolysis waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo baakadaha dabacsan ee heerkulka sare u adkaysta oo ka kooban PI (polyimide), iyo lakabka balaastiigga ah waxaa lagu shubaa shidaal si loo soo kabsado tamarta.

Eco-e. Tilmaamaha Horumarinta Mustaqbalka iyo Talooyinka

A. Tilmaamaha Hal-abuurka Farsamada

1. R&D ee Tiknoolajiyada Kala Saarida Cagaaran: Samee tignoolajiyada wasakhowga hooseeya sida xabagyada-ensaymes-jabka leh (E.g., lipase wuxuu leeyahay heerka hoos u dhaca polyurethane ≥80%) iyo daaweynta dusha balaasmaha (jebinta lakabka oxide foil aluminium) si loo dhimo kharashyada habaynta.

2. Wadooyinka Isticmaalka Qiimaha Sare: U isticmaal xaashiyaha aluminiumka dib loo warshadeeyay ee ururiyayaasha baytariga lithium (daahir u baahan ≥99.9%) iyo balaastiig dib loo warshadeeyay si loogu diyaariyo agabka baakadaha bakteeriyada (ku daray nano-ZnO) si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha dheeraadka ah ee alaabta.

B. Siyaasadda iyo Iskaashiga Warshadaha

1. Hagaajinta nidaamka dib u warshadaynta: Fulin Masuuliyadda Soo Saaraha Dheeraaday (Eego) nidaamka, u baahan in shirkadaha baakadaha ay qaadaan wax ka badan 30% kharashka dib u warshadaynta; in la dhiso shabakad saddex heer ah oo ah “dib u warshadaynta bulshada – kala soocidda dhexe – farsamaynta xirfadeed” si loo hagaajiyo heerka soo kabashada alaabta ceeriin.

2. Tallaabooyinka Dhiirigelinta Dhaqaalaha: Bixi kaalmo 500 RMB/ton oo loogu talagalay badeecooyinka foil aluminium ee dib loo warshadeeyay iyo ka dhaaf shirkadaha dib u warshadaynta cashuurta qiimaha lagu daray si loo yareeyo khataraha maalgashiga bilowga ah.

Eco-f. Gabagabo

Dib u warshadaynta iyo daawaynta 006 Baakadaha dabacsan ee aluminiumku waxay u baahan yihiin inay ka gudbaan afar arrimood oo muhiim ah: “kala soocidda interface – ilaalinta bireed aluminium – xakamaynta wasakheynta – dheelitirka qiimaha”. Hababka jireed waxay ku habboon yihiin diyaarinta baaxadda weyn, hababka kiimikaad waxay gaari karaan dib u warshadayn nadiif ah oo sarreeya, iyo hababka isku dhafan ee kiimikaad-kiimikada ayaa ah dariiqa farsamada ugu fiican hadda. Sida ka muuqata shaxda isbarbardhigga, -ga / -da “burburinta-ultrasonic kaalmayn habka dareeraha” ka mid ah hababka isku dhafan ayaa lagu gaaraa dheelitirka ugu fiican ee kharashka, heerka soo kabashada, iyo deegaanka saaxiibtinimo, oo buuxiyey shuruudihii dallacsiinta baaxadda leh. Mustaqbalka, iyada oo loo marayo hal-abuurnimo farsamo (E.g., kala goyn cagaaran, ka faa'iidaysi qiimo sare leh), hagidda siyaasadda (E.g., nidaamka EPR, dhiirigelinta kabidda), iyo iskaashiga warshadaha (kor iyo hoos is dhexgalka silsilad warshadaha), heerka dib u warshadaynta ee 006 Baakadaha jilicsan ee aluminiumku waa in laga kordhiyo kuwa hadda jira 30% in la dhaafo 60% by 2030, gaaritaanka xaalad guul-guul ah ee dib-u-warshadaynta kheyraadka iyo faa'iidooyinka deegaanka.