Itshathi yochungechunge lweAluminiyam yeAluminiyam: 1xxx ukuya 8xxx Icacisiwe
Inombolo eneedijithi ezine kwinkcazo ye-aluminiyam ayifuni. Idijithi yokuqala ikuxelela into ephambili yokudibanisa, kwaye ke ngoko uninzi lwento ekufuneka uyazi malunga nendlela intsimbi eziphatha ngayo.
Funda uthotho kwaye unokujonga ibakala elingaqhelekanga kwaye uqikelele umlingiswa walo - nokuba liya kuthungela, nokuba iya kugqwala, ingaba inokunyangwa ubushushu, kunye nokuba yomelele kangakanani na.
Inkqubo yochungechunge ngokujonga nje
| Uthotho | Into ephambili yokudibanisa | Ubushushu bunyango | Ukumelana nokubola | Amandla aqhelekileyo |
| 1xxx | Akukho nanye — ≥99% aluminiyam | Hayi | Egqwesileyo | Iphantsi |
| 2xxx | Ubhedu | Ewe | Ubuhlwempu | Phezulu kakhulu |
| 3xxx | IManganese | Hayi | Kulungile | Phantsi-phakathi |
| 4xxx | Isilicon | Abanye | Kulungile | Phakathi |
| 5xxx | Magnesium | Hayi | Egqwesileyo | Phakathi |
| 6xxx | Magnesium + isilicon | Ewe | Kulungile | Phakathi-phezulu |
| 7xxx | Zinc | Ewe | Mhle | Phezulu kakhulu |
| 8xxx | Enye (rhoqo Fe, Li, okanye ifoyile ethile) | Iyahluka | Iyahluka | Iyahluka |
1xxx - aluminiyam esulungekileyo yorhwebo
Ukuqamba: ≥99.00% aluminiyam, akukho kudityaniswa okukhulu ngabom.
| Ibanga | Ubunyulu | Umlinganiswa |
| 1050 | ≥99.50% | Ubume obugqwesileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa; ethambileyo |
| 1060 | ≥99.60% | Ucoceke kancinci; Ukuziphatha okuhle |
| 1070 | ≥99.70% | Ukucoceka okuphezulu |
| 1100 | ≥99.00% | Womelele kancinci (encinci Cu), ukusebenza kakuhle |
| 1145 | ≥99.45% | Amabanga eFoil |
| 1235 | ≥99.35% | I-Foil kunye nokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo |
Umlinganiswa: ethambileyo, ukwakheka kakhulu, umbane ogqwesileyo kunye ne-thermal conductivity, Ukunganyangeki kwe-Porrosion, ayinyangeki bubushushu, amandla aphantsi.
Isetyenziselwa: ifoyile kunye nokupakishwa, Izixhobo zekhemikhali, abaqhubi bombane kunye neebhasi, UTSHINTSHO, i-cookware etsalwa nzulu, izicelo ezibonisa kunye nokuhombisa, ifoyile yomqokeleli webhetri yangoku.
Khetha 1xxx xa udinga conductivity, ukwakheka okuphezulu, okanye ukumelana nomhlwa, kwaye amandla asiyiyo eyona nto iphambili.
2xxx — ubhedu
Ukuqamba: ubhedu njengolongezo oluphambili (ngokwesiqhelo 3–6%).
| Ibanga | Phawula |
| 2024 | I-alloy ye-aerospace ye-Classic; amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokudinwa kakuhle |
| 2011 | Umatshini wasimahla |
| 2014 / 2017 | Ukuqiniswa kokuqina okuphezulu kunye nesakhiwo |
Umlinganiswa: ubushushu obunokunyangeka, amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle ukudinwa - kodwa ukunganyangeki komhlwa kunye nokuweldability jikelele. Ngokuqhelekileyo zigqunywe okanye zipeyintwe ukukhusela.
Isetyenziselwa: izakhiwo zeenqwelomoya, i-aerospace forgings, iindawo zoomatshini ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo zomkhosi.
Icaveat: ithintelwa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zaselwandle nakwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo. Kwakhona i-anodizes kakubi - ayifanelekanga kwi-anodizing yokuhlobisa.
3xxx - manganese
Ukuqamba: manganese njengolongezo oluphambili (ngokwesiqhelo 1.0–1.5%).
| Ibanga | Phawula |
| 3003 | Injongo ngokubanzi 3xxx ialloyi |
| 3004 | Amandla aphezulu; imizimba yesiselo |
| 3105 | Iimveliso zokwakha, uphahla, gcina |
Umlinganiswa: ayinyangeki bubushushu, amandla aphakathi (ngokurhabaxa 20% yomelele kuno 1xxx), formability ebalaseleyo kunye weldability, ukuxhathisa kakuhle kokubola.
Isetyenziselwa: Iitoni zokupheka, iitoti zesiselo, UTSHINTSHO, ukuphahla kunye necala, Izixhobo zekhemikhali, Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wensimbi.
4xxx - isilicon
Ukuqamba: i-silicon njengongeziweyo oyintloko.
Umlinganiswa: yehlisa indawo yokunyibilika, iphucula ubumanzi. Ngokuyintloko isetyenziswa njenge i-welding kunye ne-brazing filler kunokuba njengemveliso eyenziweyo. Amanye amabakala angama-4xxx ayanyangeka ngenxa yobushushu; 4iifayili ze-xxx zisetyenziswa ngesiseko sesinyithi se-6xxx.
Isetyenziselwa: i-welding wire kunye ne-brazing filler (4043, 4047), ezinye iipiston kunye nezicelo ezinganxiliyo.
5xxx - i-magnesium
Ukuqamba: i-magnesium njengongeziweyo oyintloko (ngokwesiqhelo 0.5–5.5%).
| Ibanga | Magnesium | Phawula |
| 5005 | 0.5-1.1% | Ingxubevange yezokwakha anodizing |
| 5052 | 2.2-2.8% | I-alloy yentsimbi yolwandle ngokubanzi kunye neshiti |
| 5083 | 4.0-4.9% | Ulwakhiwo lwaselwandle; amandla aphezulu |
| 5086 | 3.5-4.5% | Iinqanawa zolwandle kunye noxinzelelo |
| 5754 | 2.6-3.6% | Iimoto kunye ngokubanzi |
| 5182 | 4.0-5.0% | Isiselo sinokuphela |
Umlinganiswa: ayinyangeki bubushushu, amandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu ukusuka ekomelezeni-isisombululo esiqinileyo, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo komhlwa kuquka nezaselwandle, I-rolls efanelekileyo, ukumila kakuhle kubushushu obuthambileyo.
Isetyenziselwa: izakhiwo zaselwandle kunye nokwakhiwa kwezikhephe, imizimba yezithuthi, Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, izicelo cryogenic, iiphaneli zokwakha, uphawu, I-Cookiwation, inokuphela.
Khetha 5xxx xa udinga ukumelana nomhlwa kunye ne-weldability. Olu luchungechunge lwaselwandle kunye nezothutho.
6xxx - i-magnesium kunye ne-silicon
Ukuqamba: magnesium kunye nesilicon, ukwenza uMg₂Si, eyenza ubushushu series lunyangeke.
| Ibanga | Phawula |
| 6061 | I-alloy yolwakhiwo lwenjongo ngokubanzi |
| 6063 | I-extrusions ye-Architectural; i-anodizing ebalaseleyo |
| 6082 | Ukulingana kolwakhiwo lwaseYurophu; isetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu |
| 6005 / 6005A | Izandiso zesakhiwo |
Umlinganiswa: ubushushu obunokunyangeka (I-T6 yimeko eqhelekileyo), amandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu, ukuxhathisa kakuhle kokubola, Okwenzini olungileyo, ilokhwe elungileyo (nangona amandla ehla kwindawo ye-weld), extrudability ebalaseleyo.
Isetyenziselwa: amacandelo esakhiwo kunye ne-extrusions, iifreyimu zokwakha kunye nodonga lomkhusane, izinto zemoto, Iifreyimu zebhayisikile, iindawo ezenziwe ngoomatshini, imibhobho, izixhobo zaselwandle.
Khetha 6xxx xa udinga ukunyangwa ubushushu, enobuchule, i-alloy yolwakhiwo enokukhutshelwa eneempawu ezintle ezijikelezileyo. 6061 yeyona aluminiyam ialloyi isetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli jikelele.
7xxx - zinc
Ukuqamba: i-zinc njengolongezo oluphambili, rhoqo nge-magnesium kunye nobhedu.
| Ibanga | Phawula |
| 7075 | I-alloy ye-aluminiyam eyomelele kakhulu; i-aerospace |
| 7005 | IWeldable, ezisetyenziswa kwiibhayisekile kunye neefreyimu zesithuthuthu |
| 7050 / 7150 | Ipleyiti ye-aerospace kunye ne-forgings |
Umlinganiswa: ubushushu obunokunyangeka, awona mandla aphezulu akhoyo kwi-aluminiyam eyenziweyo, kodwa ukuxhathisa kokutya kokulungileyo ukuya kokubi kunye nokutyekeza okulambathayo jikelele (ngaphandle ezifana 7005).
Isetyenziselwa: izakhiwo zeenqwelomoya, Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezixhobo ze-aerospace, iimpahla zemidlalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izicelo zomkhosi.
Icaveat: usengozini yoxinzelelo lokukrala kokuqhekeka kweminye imisindo; anodizes kakubi; ngokubanzi ayikhethelwa inkonzo yaselwandle.
8xxx - ezinye izinto
Uluhlu lokubambisa zonke ii-alloys ezingagqunywanga kwenye indawo. Kwifoyile, amabakala e-8xxx aphakathi kwawona abalulekileyo ehlabathini.
| Ibanga | Umlinganiswa | Sebenzisa |
| 8011 | Al-Fe-Si | I-workhorse yokupakisha i-foil alloy - i-foil yasekhaya, I-foil foil, I-PTP yokudibanisa amayeza, iminqwazi yebhotile |
| 8021 | Al-Fe-Si, ezantsi kakhulu Si | Ifoyile yeyeza ebandayo, i-laminates ephezulu yokuthintela |
| 8079 | Al-Fe-Si, low Si/Mn | Ukutya okunomqobo ophezulu kunye ne-foil yamayeza, laminates ezibhityileyo |
| 8006 | Al-Fe-Mn | Isikhongozeli kunye nefoyile yokupakisha |
| 8090 / 8xxx Li amabakala | Aluminiyam-lithium | I-Aerospace, Ukuxinana okuphezulu |
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwamabakala efoil ayi-8xxx ukucoceka kwezinto ezincinci. 8011 ivumela i-silicon eninzi kunye ne-manganese, ukuyenza yomelele kwaye ingabizi. 8021 kwaye 8079 banqande, ukunika i-ductility engcono, imingxunya embalwa kunye nesithintelo esingcono - yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ukubumba okubandayo kunye nezicelo zokuthintela okuphezulu.
Ukufunda amagama omsindo
Isimamva emva kwebakala sichaza imeko yonyango:
| Isimamva | Intsingiselo |
| F | Njengoko yenziwe |
| O | I-Annealed - ithambile kakhulu, ukwakheka okuphezulu |
| H | Ukutsala nzima (ngedijithi yesibini yesidanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isithathu sokuzinzisa) |
| H1x | Ukutsala nzima kuphela |
| H2x | Uxinzelelo lwenziwe lukhuni kwaye luthintelwe kancinci |
| H3x | Ukutsala nzima kwaye kuzinzile |
| H12 / H14 / H16 / H18 | Ikota / isiqingatha / ikota yesithathu / egcwele nzima |
| H32 / H34 | Ubunzima buqinisiwe kwaye buzinzile - ubushushu baselwandle |
| T | Ukunyangwa ngokushushu (unyango lobushushu) |
| T4 | Isisombululo siphathwe kwaye sikhulile ngokwendalo |
| T5 | Ipholisiwe ekwenziweni kwaye yaluphele ngokuzenzela |
| T6 | Isisombululo siphathwe kwaye sineminyaka yobudala - amandla aphezulu |
| T651 | I-T6 kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngokuzolula |
Inqaku elisebenzayo: yealloyi ezinganyangekiyo (1xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx) uya kubona kuphela u-O kunye no-H abanomsindo. Yeengxubevange eziphathwa ubushushu (2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx) uya kubona i-T tempes.
Isikhokelo sokukhetha ngokukhawuleza
| Ukuba ufuna… | Uthotho | Ibakala eliqhelekileyo |
| Ubume obuphezulu okanye ukuqhuba | 1xxx | 1050, 1060 |
| Ifoyile yokupakisha, iinjongo jikelele | 8xxx | 8011 |
| I-high-barrier okanye i-cold-form foil | 8xxx | 8079, 8021 |
| Iphepha eliqhelekileyo lesinyithi, amandla aphakathi | 3xxx | 3003 |
| Ukumelana nomhlwa | 5xxx | 5052 |
| Ulwakhiwo lwaselwandle | 5xxx | 5083 |
| Ulwakhiwo ngokubanzi, enobuchule | 6xxx | 6061 |
| I-extrusion yezakhiwo, Ukuthambisa | 6xxx | 6063 |
| Amandla aphezulu | 7xxx | 7075 |
| Ubume be-aerospace | 2xxx / 7xxx | 2024, 7075 |
FAQ
Ithetha ntoni idijithi yokuqala yebakala le-aluminium? Into ephambili yokudibanisa: 1 = nyulu, 2 = ubhedu, 3 = manganese, 4 = isilicon, 5 = imagnesium, 6 = imagnesium + isilicon, 7 = zinc, 8 = enye.
Yeyiphi i-aluminium series eyomeleleyo? 7xxx (izinki), ikhokelwa ngu 7075, inika awona mandla aphakamileyo kwi-aluminiyam eyenziweyo. 2xxx (ubhedu) nayo yomelele kakhulu.
Loluphi uchungechunge olunokumelana nokugqwesa okungcono kakhulu? 1xxx kunye ne5xxx. 5xxx (ngakumbi 5052, 5083, 5086) idibanisa ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye namandla aluncedo, yiyo loo nto ilawula imisebenzi yaselwandle.
Ngaba yonke i-aluminiyam inokunyangwa ubushushu? Hayi. 2xxx, 6xxx kunye ne-7xxx ziyanyangeka ngenxa yobushushu. 1xxx, 3xxx kunye ne-4xxx azikho - bafumana amandla kuphela ekusebenzeni nzima (Unomsindo).
Yintoni umahluko phakathi 6061 kwaye 6063? 6061 yingxubevange yolwakhiwo jikelele enamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. 6063 yialloyi yolwakhiwo lwe-extrusion enomphetho ongcono womphezulu kunye nempendulo ephezulu ye-anodizing.
Kutheni 8011, 8021 kwaye 8079 zonke zisetyenziselwa i-foil? Zonke ziialloyi zeAl-Fe-Si, kodwa ziyahluka kwindlela izinto ezincinci ezincinci ezithintelwe ngayo. 8011 ivumela i-silicon engaphezulu kunye ne-manganese - yomelele, zitshiphu. 8021 kwaye 8079 zisulungekile - ngakumbi i-ductile, imingxunya embalwa, umqobo ongcono.
Ithetha ukuthini i-T6? Ubushushu Isisombululo baphathwa ke artificially abagugile ukuba amandla incopho. Isebenza kuphela kwii-alloys eziphathwa ngobushushu.
Yiyiphi i-alloy endimele ndiyikhethe kwi-welding? 5xxx (5052, 5083) iWelds ingcono kwaye igcina amandla njengoko i-welded. 6xxx iwelda ngokwamkelekileyo kodwa ilahlekelwa ngamandla kwindawo echatshazelwe bubushushu. 2xxx kunye ne7xxx azibi kakuhle.
Andiqinisekanga ukuba loluphi uthotho oludingayo?
Sithumele isicelo sakho, okusingqongileyo, indlela yokwenza kunye nemfuneko yamandla. Siya kucebisa uthotho kunye nebakala - kwaye sikuxelele ukuba i-alloy enexabiso eliphantsi iya kwenza umsebenzi.