Ngaba intsimbi ye-aluminiyam iyarusa ngokwenene?
Ngaba i-aluminiyam iyarusa? Impendulo nguewe, ialuminiyam iya kuhlwa, kodwa umhlwa ialuminiyam ayiyomhlwa ngokwenene. I-aluminium ayiyi kugqwala phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Umaleko wefilimu ye-aluminiyam oxide iya kwenza kumphezulu we-aluminiyam. Le filimu ye-oxide ixinene kwaye ikhusela, enokuthintela i-aluminium yangaphakathi ukuba ingaqhubeki nokusabela nge-oxygen, ngoko aluminiyam ayiyi “umhlwa” njengentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifilimu ye-oxide yonakele, okufana nesanti okanye umhlwa owomeleleyo, i-aluminiyam iya kwandisa i-oxidize, ebonisa ukuba mnyama, ukuqhekeka, njl.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba akukho lula ukurusa i-aluminiyam, kodwa eneneni i-aluminiyam ithanda ukuba nomhlwa kunentsimbi! Nangona kunjalo, umhlwa aluminiyam, ngokungafaniyo nemihlwa yentsimbi, aligqunywanga ngumhlwa, kwaye umphezulu usajongeka njengentsimbi esiliva-emhlophe.
Yintoni i-aluminium rust?
Intsimbi iyarusa xa ifakwe ioksijini emoyeni. Ialuminiyam idibana neekhemikhali kunye neoksijini yenze ialuminiyam oxide, leyo yi-aluminiyam rust. Umhlwa wealuminiyam ubhityile kakhulu, isinye kwishumi lamawaka lemilimitha ubukhulu, kodwa inzima kakhulu kwaye ayigugi kakhulu. Ibambelela kumphezulu we-aluminiyam, ukuthintela i-aluminiyam yangaphakathi ukuba iqhagamshelane nomoya wangaphandle, kunye nokuthintela i-aluminiyam ekubeni ingaqhubeki nokurusa.
Ngaba aluminiyam iyarusa ngokulula? Umhlwa, njengoko yaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ibhekisa kwinkqubo apho i-iron idibana neoksijini kunye nomphunga wamanzi emoyeni omanzi ukuvelisa umhlwa (ubukhulu becala i-iron oxide). Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba umthamo wentsimbi ukwandise, ngaloo ndlela kutshabalalisa isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zentsimbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ialuminiyam kunye nentsimbi zahlukile ngokwemichiza. Ngaba i-aluminiyam iya kuhlwa ukuba iba manzi? Xa umphezulu we-aluminiyam udibana nomoya, iya kusabela ngokukhawuleza ngeoksijini emoyeni ukuvelisa ifilimu exineneyo ye-aluminium oxide. Le nkqubo yokusabela isoloko ithathwa ngokuba “ukurusa kwealuminiyam”. Kodwa enyanisweni, le filimu kumphezulu we-aluminiyam inzima kakhulu kwaye ayinyangeki kumhlwa, kwaye inokuvala ngokuqinileyo umphezulu we-aluminiyam, ukuthintela i-aluminiyam ekubeni isabele ngakumbi ngeoksijini okanye amanzi. Ngoko ke, eyona nyaniso kukuba le ndlela yokuzikhusela ye-aluminiyam yenza ukuba kungabi lula ukurusa njengentsimbi.
Yintoni umgaqo wokurusa kwe-aluminium?
I-Aluminiyam yintsimbi esebenzayo edibana neoksijini emoyeni kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Le mpendulo ibizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation reaction, kwaye umphumo yifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-aluminium oxide kumphezulu we-aluminiyam. Le filimu ye-aluminiyam oxide inzima kakhulu kwaye iyamelana nomhlwa. Ibambelela ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu we-aluminium, ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela i-aluminiyam ekudibaneni ngakumbi neoksijini okanye ezinye izinto ezidlekayo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-aluminiyam yangaphakathi kwi-oxidation eyongezelelweyo. Nangona ifilimu ye-aluminium oxide inefuthe elihle lokukhusela kwi-aluminium, phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, njengemikrwelo okanye umonakalo kumphezulu we-aluminiyam, ukuveza i-aluminiyam yangaphakathi, okanye i-aluminiyam ikwindawo enzima efana nokufuma okuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu ixesha elide, inokubangela ukwenzeka kwe-oxidation ye-aluminiyam, nto leyo esiqhele ukuyibiza “umhlwa aluminiyam”. Umgaqo we-aluminiyam umhlwa kukuba i-aluminiyam idibana neoksijini emoyeni ukuze yenze ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-aluminiyam oxide.. Le filimu inefuthe elihle lokukhusela kwi-aluminium kwaye inokuthintela i-aluminium kwi-oxidation engaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ialuminiyam isenokuthi iqhubele phambili nokusabela kwi-oxidation.
Ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-aluminiyam irule?
Ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-aluminiyam irule? I-aluminiyam inokugqwala, kodwa inkqubo yawo yokurusa icotha noko. Ixesha lokurusa kwe-aluminiyam lichatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi, kuquka nemiba yokusingqongileyo, ukulungiswa kwezinto kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, irusa yealuminiyam kancinane, kodwa i-aluminiyam ethe yavezwa kwindawo ezirhabaxa ixesha elide okanye engakhange iphathwe kakuhle iyakwazi ukurusa.. Ukuthetha jikelele, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ialuminiyam engakhange iphathwe ngokukodwa ingathatha amashumi eminyaka okanye amakhulu eminyaka ukubonisa umhlwa ocacileyo.
Ngaba i-aluminiyam i-alloy rula lula?
Ngaba aluminiyam iyarusa ngokulula? Kwimeko yendalo, ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-aluminiyam oxide yenza ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu we-aluminiyam. Le filimu inzima kakhulu kwaye ayinyangeki kwi-corrosion, kwaye inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-aluminiyam ekuqhubekeni nokusabela ngeoksijini kunye namanzi, ngaloo ndlela kuthintela i-aluminiyam ekuruseni. Ngoko ke, ialuminiyam inokumelana nokugqwala okulungileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ialuminiyam ayirhasi lula njengentsimbi. Nokuba ialuminiyam ibekwe kwindawo efumileyo ixesha elide, okoko ifilimu ye-aluminiyam oxide kumphezulu wayo ihlala injalo, ialuminiyam ayiyi kuhlwa.
I-aluminiyam iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani ngaphandle?
Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elingakanani ialuminiyam ngaphandle? Ubomi benkonzo ye-aluminium ngaphandle buchatshazelwa yizinto ezininzi, ezifana neemeko zokusingqongileyo, umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, uyilo kunye nokwenza, kwaye ubomi benkonzo eqhelekileyo buqhelekile phakathi 10 kwaye 20 iminyaka, kodwa olu luhlu lwexesha lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile.
Izinto ezichaphazela ixesha lokurusa kwe-aluminium
Ukufuma kunye nobushushu: Ialuminiyam kusenokwenzeka ukuba isabele ngeoksijini kunye nomphunga wamanzi kwindawo efumileyo, ngaloo ndlela kukhawulezisa inkqubo yokurusa. Ngaxeshanye, indawo yobushushu obuphezulu iya kukhuthaza ukusabela kwe-oxidation.
Umgangatho womoya: Imvula eneasidi kunye nezinto ezingcolisa iikhemikhali ezisemoyeni zinokuyonakalisa ifilimu ye-aluminiyam oxide, ukunciphisa umphumo wayo wokukhusela, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezisa ukurusa kwealuminiyam.
Unyango lomphezulu: Izinto ze-aluminiyam eziye zafumana unyango olungaphezulu njenge-anodizing, i-electrophoresis, ukutshiza, kunye ne-electroplating inefilimu ye-oxide engqindilili kunye ne-corrosion-resistant ngaphezulu kumphezulu wazo, enokwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo ye-aluminium.
Imikrwelo kunye nomonakalo: Imikrwelo kunye nomonakalo kumphezulu we-aluminium uya kutshabalalisa ifilimu ye-aluminium oxide, ukwenza i-aluminiyam ibe sesichengeni ngakumbi kukuhlwa kunye nomhlwa.
Ukuqhagamshelana ne-electrolyte: Aluminiyam, njengesixhobo sokuqhuba, uqhelene neempendulo ze-electrochemical xa udibana ne-electrolytes, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthazwa inkqubo yokurusa.
Iimeko zokugcina: Izinto ze-Aluminiyam ezivezwe kwiindawo ezinzima ixesha elide, njengeendawo eziselunxwemeni okanye iindawo ezinemvula, iya kugqwala ngokukhawuleza.