Ukupakisha i-Aluminium efakiweyo: Uluhlu lokutyeba okuBalulekileyo kunye neeMpembelelo zokutyeba ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukubhitya kuMfakelo wezoNyango

I-Eco-A. Intshayelelo: Ukuma koButyenene kunye neMisebenzi enguNdoqo yeFoil yeAluminiyam yokuPakisha okufakelweyo

Kwinkalo yezixhobo zonyango ezifakelwayo (I-E.G., iingubo zokugquma iziyobisi-eluting stents, abathwali beenkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba ezizinzileyo, kunye neeleyi ze-electromagnetic shielding ye-implantable sensors-zonke zenziwe Ukupakishwa okufakwe kwifoyile yealuminiyam), le foil ekhethekileyo yealuminiyam kufuneka ngaxeshanye ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingundoqo ezintathu: “lula ukusebenza,” “inkxaso yesakhiwo,” kwaye “kwi vivo uzinzo.” Ukulawula ubukhulu bayo (ngokuchaneka kwenqanaba lemicron) sisalathisi sobugcisa esibalulekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nefoyile ye-aluminium yeshishini (ngokuqhelekileyo 50-200μm), le foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango kufuneka ilungelelanise “ukubhitya” (ukuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi ehlaselayo encinci) kwaye “iimpawu zoomatshini” (ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-vivo). Okokuqala kwaye ngaphambi kwento yonke, imigangatho yoshishino lwangoku (njengeYBB 00152023 I-Aluminiyam kunye ne-Aluminiyam ye-Aluminiyam ye-Alloy Foils yokusetyenziswa kwezonyango kunye ne-ISO 13028-2 Izixhobo zeMetallic zeZixhobo eziFakelwayo – Inxenye 2: I-Aluminiyam kunye ne-Aluminiyam i-alloys) chaza ngokucacileyo uluhlu lobuninzi bale foil ekhethekileyo, kunye nefoyile kufuneka kwakhona kudlule USP <88> uvavanyo lwe-biocompatibility kunye ne-ISO 10993-12 kwi-vivo yokuqinisekisa ukuthotywa.

I-Eco-B. Uluhlu lokuLawula ukutyeba kweFoil yeAluminiyam yokuPakisha okufakelweyo: ImiGangatho yeNqanaba leMicron kunye neeyantlukwano eziKhethekileyo zeScenario

Ubunzima bale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango ayikho uluhlu olulodwa; kufuneka yahlulwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezisebenzayo zeemeko ezithile zesicelo. Uluhlu oluphambili lugxininiswe phakathi 5-50μm, kunye nokukhethwa kobuninzi beemeko ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zihambelane nazo “imisebenzi ephambili ngokubaluleka” (lula ukusebenza/inkxaso yesakhiwo/umsebenzi womqobo):

(A) ImiGangatho yoShishino kunye neeRange zokutyeba ngokubanzi

Ngokuhambelana neYBB 00152023 kunye ne-ISO 13028-2, uluhlu olusisiseko lokutyeba kunye nokunyamezela le foil ekhethekileyo ye-aluminiyam zezi zilandelayo:

Phawula: Zonke iintlobo zale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango kufuneka isebenzise i-aluminiyam ecocekileyo (1060-O okanye 1100-O umsindo) ngobunyulu obugqithileyo 99.9%, kunye nomxholo wokungcola ngokupheleleyo (Fe+Si) ≤0.1% ukuphepha ukuphendula komzimba wangaphandle okubangelwa yi-vivo dissolution.

(B) Ingqiqo yoKhetho lokutyeba okuKhethekileyo

1. Ubuncinci obungenelelayo iimeko zokuqhelanisa utyando (I-E.G., iifoyile zokugquma kwi-intravascular drug-eluting stents):

Ukufakelwa kufuna ukudlula kwi-microcatheter enobubanzi ≤2mm, ngoko ubukhulu bale foil ekhethekileyo kufuneka ilawulwe phakathi 8-15μm. Ukuba ubukhulu bungaphezulu kwe-20μm, I-diameter yangaphandle epheleleyo ye-stent iyanda (Ukwanda kwe-10μm nganye kubukhulu befoyile kukhokelela ekunyukeni okumalunga ne-8μm kwidayamitha yangaphandle ene-stent.), ukugqithisa umda ongaphakathi wedayimitha ye-microcatheter (I-E.G., I-diameter yangaphakathi ye-2F catheter imalunga ne-0.67mm), okwenza kube nzima ukudlula kwicandelo le-stenotic le-coronary artery. Ukongeza, ifoyile eshinyene ngokugqithisileyo yehlisa izinga lokufinyela kwemitha ye-stent (izinga lokuncipha ≤30% kwi-25μm ubukhulu, xa kuthelekiswa ne ≥50% kwi <15μm ubukhulu), echaphazela ngakumbi umphumo we-apposition emva kokufakelwa.

2. Iimeko zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba ezizinzileyo (I-E.G., i-foil-polymer composite micropumps):

Njengomaleko wesakhiwo segumbi lokugcina iziyobisi, le foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango kufuneka ilungelelanise iipropati zomqobo kunye nokuguquguquka, ngoluhlu lobuninzi be 10-25μm. Xa ubukhulu bu <10μm, izinga lokuhanjiswa kweoksijini lingaphezulu kwe-0.1cm³/(M² · A · w · w · w · w · w² · wh · wh · wh · whyp), okukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwe-oxidative yamachiza (I-E.G., >20% ukulahleka komsebenzi kumachiza eprotheni ngaphakathi 30 iintsuku). Ngokuphikisana, xa ubukhulu bungaphezu kwe-25μm, ukugoba ukuguquguquka kwe-micropump kuncipha (i-engile yokugoba iyancipha ukusuka kwi-120 ° ukuya kwi-60 °), kunye nomonakalo wezicubu ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba (ubunzulu bokulimala kwe-epidermal >50μm) kungenzeka ngexesha lofakelo.

3. Iimeko ezikhuselayo zezivamvo ezifakelwayo (I-E.G., i-foil electromagnetic shielding layers yonxibelelwano lwengqondo kunye nekhompyuter):

Ukumelana nokubola kolwelo lomzimba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kuyafuneka, ngoko ubukhulu bale foil ekhethekileyo kufuneka ilawulwe phakathi 15-30μm. Xa ubukhulu bu <15μm, ukusebenza kwe-electromagnetic shielding (SE) yi <40dB, Ukusilela ukubhloka uphazamiseko lwesignali ye-electromagnetic ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba (I-E.G., ingxolo ye-electromagnetic ngexesha le-MRI scan). Ngaphezulu, xa ubukhulu bungaphezu kwe-30μm, ubunzima obupheleleyo benzwa buyanda (Ukwanda kwe-10μm nganye yongeza i-2.7mg nganye ye-square centimeter), okukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwethishu kwindawo yofakelo (uxinzelelo loxinzelelo >3kPa, ukugqithisa umda wokunyamezela kwezicubu ezithambileyo).

I-eco-c. Iimpembelelo ezimbi zokuPakisha ngokuGqibeleka ngokugqithisileyo kweFoil yeAluminiyam yokuFakela ngokulula: Uhlalutyo oluvela kwiiNdlela zokuSebenza kunye nezokuSebenza

Xa ubukhulu bale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango budlula umda ophezulu wemeko ehambelanayo (I-E.G., >20μm ukwenzela utyando olungenelelayo olungephi, >25μm yofakelo olungaphantsi kwesikhumba), kunciphisa ukusebenziseka lula kwiinkalo ezintathu: “ukwakheka kwesixhobo,” “ukufakwa bhetyebhetye,” kwaye “ukuhambelana emva kokuhlinzwa.” Iimpembelelo ezithile zinokuqinisekiswa ngedatha yobungakanani kunye neemodeli zoomatshini:

(A) Ukunyuka kobunzima boKuqulunqa iDivaysi kunye nokuNcitshiswa kokuChaneka

1. Ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-microfabrication:

Kwifoyile etyebileyo ngokugqithisileyo (I-E.G., >30μm), “ukungalingani” kwenzeka ngexesha lokomba ngelaser kwimingxuma yokukhupha ichiza (umngxuma ububanzi 50-100μm)-I-perpendicularity yodonga lomngxuma iyancipha ukusuka kuma-90 ukuya kuma-75 °, kunye nobude be-burr kwincam yomngxuma bungaphezulu kwe-5μm, ukusilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo ze-USP <1059> kwiinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi (iqhuma ≤2μm). Ukongeza, isantya sokwenza isitampu sefoyile engqindilili ngokugqithisileyo siyehla (ukwenza izinga lesiqinisekiso 98% kubukhulu be-20μm, ukuwela kwi 82% nge 35μm), kunye nemibimbi (ukushwabana ubunzulu >3μm) zinokwenzeka, okubangela ukugquma kweziyobisi okungalinganiyo.

2. Ukunyamezelana ngokugqithisileyo:

Ukuthatha iikhatriji zamachiza ezifakelwayo njengomzekelo, xa le foil ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa njengomaleko wokudibanisa phakathi kwepleyiti yokugquma kunye nesiseko sepolymer, Ukwanda kwe-5μm nganye kubukhulu bayo kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-3μm kwi-gap yokudibanisa (ngaphaya kwe-ISO 80369-7 umsantsa wokutywina umgangatho we-≤5μm). Oku kubangela ukuba izinga lokuvuza kwechiza lonyuke ukusuka <0.1μg/ngosuku ukuya >1μg/ngosuku, ukugqitha kumda wokuvuza ochaziweyo kwi IiMfuno zobuGcisa kwiiNkqubo zokuZiswa kweZiyobisi ezifakelwayo (YY/T 0983).

(B) Ukonyuka koKunyangwa koMtyalo kunye noMngcipheko oPhakamileyo weNtshukumo

1. Ukugqobhoza kunye nokutyhala ukuxhathisa:

Ngokwe-fluid mechanics formula (F=μ×A×v/d, apho u-μ ngumlinganiso wokukhuhlana kweethishu, A yindawo yoqhagamshelwano yefoyile, v sisantya sokutyhala, kwaye d yidayamitha yesixhobo), ngesantya esifanayo sokutyhala (1mm/s), xa ubukhulu be-foil bunyuka ukusuka kwi-15μm ukuya kwi-30μm, isixhobo sangaphandle ububanzi nyuka nge-16μm, kunye nokumelana nokutyhala kunyuka ukusuka kwi-0.5N ukuya kwi-1.2N (igqithise umyinge wamandla okusebenza kancinane we-0.8N yoogqirha). Oku kubangela lula imikrwelo eludongeni lwemithambo (ubunzulu bomkrwelo >10μm, kubangela i-intimal hyperplasia).

2. Ukugoba okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza:

Ukuqina kokugoba (D=HAYI, apho u-E yimodyuli enwebekayo kwaye mna ndingumzuzu wokungazinzi) yale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango ilingana netyhubhu yobunzima bayo (Ndi∝t³). Xa ubukhulu bunyuka ukusuka kwi-20μm ukuya kwi-40μm, ukugoba kokuqina kuyanda 8 amaxesha, okukhokelela ekwandeni kobuncinci berediyasi yokugoba yesixhobo ukusuka kwi-5mm ukuya kwi-15mm. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukudlula kwimijelo yokufakelwa kweendawo ezigobileyo ezinje ngedolo kunye namalungu engqiniba., ukwandisa ixesha lotyando (umndilili wokwandiswa kwe 20 imizuzu) kunye nomngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni ngemitha.

(C) Ukuhambelana kweTissue ye-Postoperative

Ifoyile engqindilili ngokugqithisileyo (>30μm) inommandla othile ocuthiweyo (indawo ephezulu/umthamo) (ukusuka 5000cm²/cm³ ukuya 2500cm²/cm³), ukunciphisa isantya se-tissue encapsulation (ireyithi ye-encapsulation kuphela 60% kwi 4 iiveki emva kokuhlinzwa, kuthelekiswa ne 90% ngefoyile engama-20μm ubukhulu) kunye nokwenza lula ukuvutha okungapheliyo. Ngokukodwa, amacandelo eethishu abonisa ukuba ubunzulu bokungena kweeseli ezivuthayo (I-E.G., iimacrophages) malunga nefoyile eshinyeneyo ngokugqithisileyo ifikelela kwi-100μm, ngelixa i-30μm kuphela kwiqela eliqhelekileyo lokutyeba, ukuhambelana nomgangatho wempendulo evuthayo ye-ISO 10993-6 (Ibanga 2 kwiqela elityebe ngokugqithisileyo, Ibanga 0 yeqela eliqhelekileyo lokutyeba).

I-Eco-D. Umonakalo oBangwe kukuPakisha ngokuGqibeleleyo okuFakelweyo okuFakelayo kwiFoil yeAluminiyam eZinzileyo-uKhupho oluZinzileyo kunye noKuxhathisa koxinzelelo lweVivo.

Xa ubukhulu bale foil ekhethekileyo bungaphantsi komda osezantsi wemeko ehambelanayo (I-E.G., <5μm kwiileya zesithintelo, <25μm ngenkxaso yolwakhiwo), ukusilela kokusebenza kwenzeka ngenxa ye “iimpawu ezingonelanga zoomatshini” kwaye “ukutshatyalaliswa kwemfezeko yesakhiwo.” Iingozi ezithile zinokuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zoomatshini kunye neemvavanyo ze-vivo zokulinganisa:

(A) Ukungazinzi koLwakhiwo oluZinzileyo: Ukusuka kwiDrug Burst Release ukuya kwiCarrier Fracture

1. Ukonyuka okubukhali kumngcipheko wokukhutshwa kweziyobisi:

Xa ifoyile ebhityileyo kakhulu (<8μm) isetyenziswa njengomphathi we-microspheres ezizinzileyo, amandla ayo ehla ukusuka 120MPa ukuya 80MPa (ngaphantsi kobuncinane bemfuno ye-100MPa kwiYBB 00152023). Iintanda (ububanzi bokuqhekeka >5μm) ifomu ngokulula ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweziyobisi (ukuzalisa uxinzelelo lwe-0.3MPa), okukhokelela ekukhutshweni kweziyobisi. Uvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwe-in vitro lubonisa ukuba izinga lokukhutshwa kwechiza leeyure ezingama-24 liyenyuka ukusuka kwesiqhelo 10% ukuya 45%, ukugqitha kumda wokukhutshwa ngokugqabhukileyo (≤20%) kwimixube yokukhutshwa okuzinzileyo echazwe kwi-USP <1724>.

2. Ukungaphumeleli kwesixhobo okubangelwa kukwaphuka komthwali:

Kwi-foil-based drive inwebu yeempompo zeziyobisi ezifakelwayo (ubukhulu obuyilelweyo yi-15μm), ukuba ubukhulu buncitshiswe ukuya kwi-10μm, ubomi bayo bokudinwa buyancipha ukusuka kwi-10⁶ cycles ukuya kwi-3×10⁵ cycles (ngaphantsi kweemfuno zenkonzo yeminyaka emi-5 yezixhobo ezifakelwayo, efuna 1.8×10⁶ imijikelo esekelwe 100 ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla). Ukwaphuka kwenzeka 1 ngonyaka emva kokuhlinzwa, ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kweziyobisi okuqhelekileyo kunye nokufuna utyando lwesibini lokususwa.

(B) ULahleko lwe-In Vivo yoKunyathela uxinzelelo: Ukusuka kwi-Structural Deformation ukuya kuGqiba ngokupheleleyo

Uxinzelelo luyahluka kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-arterial 120/80mmHg≈16kPa, uxinzelelo lwezicubu ezingaphantsi kwe-3-5kPa, uxinzelelo lumen emathunjini 5-10kPa). Ifoyile ebhityileyo ngokugqithisileyo ayinako ukumelana nolu xinzelelo, kunye nemiboniso ethile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Iimeko ze-intravascular: Ukuwa kwesakhiwo kuthintele amajelo eziyobisi

Ukuba ifoyile yokwaleka ye stent iziyobisi-eluting (ubukhulu obuyilelweyo yi-12μm) iyancipha ukuya kwi-8μm, izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-radial ye-foil iyanda ukusuka 5% ukuya 25% phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-systolic ye-arterial (16kPa) (ngokwefomula yoxinzelelo lwefilimu ebhityileyo σ=p×r/t, apho u-σ luxinzelelo, p luxinzelelo, r yi-stent radius, kwaye t bubunzima befoyile). Oku kubangela ukuvaleka kwemingxunya yokukhupha ichiza (ububanzi 50μm) (izinga lokuvaleka >60%), kunye nezinga restenosis in-stent ukunyuka ukusuka 5% ukuya 20%.

2. Iimeko ezingaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous: Ukugqabhuka komaleko wesithintelo kubangela ukungena kwamanzi emzimbeni

Ukuba i umaleko wesithintelo sefoyile yekhatriji yeziyobisi engaphantsi kwesikhumba (ubukhulu obuyilelweyo yi-10μm) iyancipha ukuya kwi-5μm, izinga lokuhambisa ioksijini liyenyuka ukusuka kwi-0.05cm³/(M² · A · w · w · w · w · w² · wh · wh · wh · whyp) ukuya kwi-0.2cm³/(M² · A · w · w · w · w · w² · wh · wh · wh · whyp). Okwangoku, imingxunya (indawo yokuvula >2μm) ifomu phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-subcutaneous (5kPa), ukuvumela ulwelo lomzimba ukuba lungene kwikhatriji kwaye lubangele ukuthotywa kweziyobisi (I-E.G., >30% ukulahleka kwe-insulin potency ngaphakathi 30 iintsuku).

3. Iimeko zesisu: Ukuqhekeka kwesakhiwo kubangela umngcipheko womzimba wangaphandle

Ukuba isakhelo sefoyile yenkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi zesisu ezifakelwayo (Ubukhulu obuyiliweyo 30μm) iyancipha ukuya kwi-20μm, isantya sokuqhekeka kwesakhelo sifikelela 30% phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-lumen yesisu (10kPa) (xa kuthelekiswa kuphela 5% kwiqela elityebileyo eliqhelekileyo). Iziqwenga zefoyile ezichithiweyo (ubukhulu 5-10μm) kunokubangela umonakalo wamathumbu emathunjini, ihambelana ne “ingozi enokwenzeka emzimbeni wangaphandle” ukuhlelwa kwe-ISO 10993-1 (Iklasi 2 kwiqela elibhityileyo ngokugqithisileyo, Iklasi 0 yeqela eliqhelekileyo lokutyeba).

I-eco-e. UbuCwangciso boButyebe bokuPhuhliswa kweFoil yeAluminiyam yokuFakela: Ukulinganisa iNtsebenzo kunye neeMfuno

Ukujongana nokuchasana okungundoqo kulawulo lobuninzi, izisombululo kufuneka zicetywe ukusuka kumacala amathathu: “ukuguqulwa kwezinto,” “uyilo lwesakhiwo,” kwaye “Inkqubo yenkqubo” ukuphumeza intsebenziswano phakathi “ukubhitya” kwaye “ukwenza okuphezulu” yale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango:

(A) Ukuguqulwa kwezinto: Ukuphucula iiPropati zoomatshini beFoil eNcinci

1. Ukuqiniswa kweMicroalloying: Ukongeza 0.1-0.2% Zr (zirconium) ukucoceka okuphezulu kweefom ze-aluminium Al₃Zr dispersoids, ukwandisa amandla okubamba kwe-8μm-engqingqwa yefoyile ukusuka kwi-80MPa ukuya kwi-120MPa ngelixa ugcina ubude be- 15%, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkxaso yolwakhiwo. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-Zr kunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwe-vivo ye-foil (ukusuka ku-0.5μg/cm²·imini ukuya ku-0.1μg/cm² · usuku), ukuthobela imida yokungacoceki esisiseko ye-USP <232>.

2. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yonyango lobushushu: Ukwamkela a “ubushushu obuphantsi (150℃×2h) + ukuqengqeleka okubandayo (30% ukunciphisa)” inkqubo kwandisa ukugoba ukudinwa ubomi 10μm-engqindilili yefoyile ukusuka 5×10⁵ imijikelo ukuya 1.2×10⁶ imijikelo, ukuphepha ukugoba ukwaphuka emva kokufakelwa.

(B) Uyilo loLwakhiwo: Ukutshintsha iFoil enye kunye neZakhiwo eziDityanisiweyo

1. I-foil-polymer composite layer: Isakhiwo esiyintlanganisela ye “5μm ifoyile ekhethekileyo + 10mna PEEK (polyetheretherketone)” ithatha indawo yefoyile yealuminiyam ecocekileyo ye-20μm. Ulwakhiwo oluhlanganisiweyo lunamandla okuqina angama-180MPa (1.5 amaxesha ukuba ifoyile ecocekileyo), iradiyasi yokugoba incitshiswe ukuya kwi-3mm (ukuziqhelanisa neetshaneli ezingenelelayo kancinci), kunye nesantya sokuhambisa ioksijini ≤0.03cm³/(M² · A · w · w · w · w · w² · wh · wh · wh · whyp), ethe yasetyenziswa kwisizukulwana esitsha se-stent-eluting stents.

2. Isakhiwo sokuqinisa i-honeycomb: Laser etching isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-honeycomb micro-structure (umngxuma ubukhulu 10μm, ubunzulu bomngxuma 5μm) kumphezulu wale foil yokufakelwa kwezonyango. Oku kwandisa amandla oxinzelelo lweradial ye-15μm-thick foil ukusuka kwi-10kPa ukuya kwi-25kPa, eyenza ukuba imelane noxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-arterial (16kPa), ngelixa unciphisa ubunzima nge 20% kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko woxinzelelo lwezicubu.

(C) Inkqubo yenkqubo: Ukuphucula ukutyeba okufanayo kunye nokuchaneka

1. Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka echanekileyo: Ukusebenzisa i-20-high-high cold rolling Mill (amandla okuqengqeleka 500kN, isantya sokuqengqeleka 100m/min) inciphisa ukunyamezelwa kobunzima bale foyile ikhethekileyo ukusuka ku ±1.0μm ukuya ku ±0.5μm, ukuphepha ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo kwendawo okanye ukubhitya. Okwangoku, “umlinganiselo we-laser ubukhulu be-intanethi” (iisampulu frequency 1000Hz) isetyenziswa ngexesha lokuqengqeleka ukulungisa iiparamitha eziqengqelekayo ngexesha langempela, ukuzuza ukufana kobuninzi be 95% (kuthelekiswa ne 85% ngeenkqubo zemveli).

2. Inkqubo yokucutha udini lwasemva kokwenziwa: Ukufakwa kwePlasma (amandla 500W, isantya etching 5mm/s) isetyenziselwa ukususa i-burrs kumda we-foil (ukunciphisa ukusuka kwi-5μm ukuya kwi-1μm), Ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mikrwelo yethishu ngexesha lofakelo.

I-Eco-F. Ukuqukumbela

Ulawulo lobuninzi be Ukupakishwa okufakwe kwifoyile yealuminiyam kufuneka ilandele ngokungqongqo i Uluhlu lwenqanaba le-micron le-5-50μm, ezinobunzima obahlulahlulwe (8-15µm/5-15µm/25-50µm) ngokusekelwe kwimiba efana “uhlengahlengiso lotyando olungenabungozi kancinci,” “umqobo wokukhululwa okuzinzileyo,” kwaye “inkxaso yesakhiwo.” Ifoyile engqindilili ngokugqithisileyo ichaphazela ukulungeleka kofakelo ngokwandisa ukuxhathisa ukusebenza, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuwohloka kokuhambelana kwezicubu; Ifoyile ebhityileyo ngokugqithisileyo ibangela ukungazinzi kwezakhiwo ezikhutshwa ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokusilela koxinzelelo lwe-vivo ngenxa yokungonelanga kweempawu zoomatshini.. Kwilixa elizayo, ngokusebenzisa i-synergistic innovation ye “izinto microalloyed + uyilo oludityanisiweyo lwesakhiwo + iinkqubo zokuqengqeleka ezichanekileyo,” uluhlu olutyebileyo lwale foil ekhethekileyo lunokucuthwa ngakumbi (I-E.G., 3-30μm) ukuphumeza impumelelo “ubukhulu obuncinci + ukusebenza okuphezulu,” ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezixhobo zonyango ezifakelweyo ukuya “ihlasela kancinci kwaye ithatha ixesha elide” izisombululo.

Umgaqo ongundoqo: Ukhetho olutyebileyo lwale foil yokufakelwa konyango luyi-balance balance of triangular “iimfuno zokusebenza – iimpawu zoomatshini – lula ukusebenza.” Kufuneka isekelwe kwimigangatho yoshishino, kudityaniswe nemeko yoxinzelelo lwendawo ethile yokufakelwa kunye nobukhulu bomjelo wokusebenza, kwaye igqitywe ngokubala kobungakanani (I-E.G., ukugoba ifomula yokuqina, imodeli yoxinzelelo-deformation) ukunqanda ukhetho lwamava.