2025-10-15 0 Ukulayisana

Cwaninga nge-composite recycling kanye nezobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa 006 I-Aluminium Foil Flexible Packagible

-Catshangwa

006 i-aluminium foil (Ubukhulu ≤ 0.006mm) isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizakhiwo eziyinhlanganisela zokupakishwa okuguqukayo (E.g., I-PE / Aluminium Foil / PA, I-pet / alumininum foil / pe) ekudleni, Izemithi, kanye nezimboni ze-elekthronikhi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinesithiyo esihle kakhulu. Nokho, Ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okunjalo, kubonakaliswa ukwakheka kwezinto eziningi “I-Aluminium Foil-Plastic-Adhesive”, Ubuso bezinselelo ekuvuseleleni kabusha nokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa okunzima kwe-interface, ukulahleka okulula kwe-aluminium foil, kanye nokungcoliswa kwesibili. Leli phepha lihlaziya ngokuhlelekile ngezinto ezibonakalayo ze 006 I-Aluminium Foil Flexible Packagible, Kuchaze ama-recycling kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa kabusha ezifana nokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba, Ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali, kanye nenhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, Ihlola ubunzima obubalulekile bobuchwepheshe, futhi ahlongoze izinkomba zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ngokususelwa kumacala okusebenza asebenzayo. Ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngezinkomba zobuchwepheshe zokuthuthukisa ukuphindaphindeka kwezinsizakusebenza kwe 006 I-Aluminium Foil Flexible Packagible.

 

-Bili 06 Iphakethe le-Aluminium Foil elithambile kabusha-4

Eco-a. Ukuqalisa

Ukuqinisa izinzuzo ze “-lulaphele + Isithiyo esiphakeme”, 006 I-Aluminium Foil Fleaclible Packagible inokusebenzisa minyaka yonke kwamathani ayisigidi emasimini afana nokupakishwa kokudla kwe-aseptic (E.g., Pairy Pillew Packloging), iphakethe le-blister lemithi, kanye ne-elekhtronikhi yokuvikela okuvikelekile. Nokho, Ngemuva kokulahla, I-Aluminium Foil ekugcwalisweni komhlaba ithatha amakhulu eminyaka ukungcola, Ngenkathi izendlalelo zepulasitiki zidala kalula ukungcoliswa kwe-microplastic; I-Insiarer idedela amagesi anobuthi kanye nemithombo ye-aluminium (ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-bauxite mining kuyinto 20 Izikhathi ze-aluminium esetshenzisiwe). Ngokwemininingwane evela kwi-China Packal Federation, isilinganiso sokuphinda usebenzise kabusha 006 I-Aluminium foil eguquguqukayo eChina yayingaphansi 30% phakathi 2024, ephansi kakhulu kune 65% Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha isilinganiso semikhiqizo ejwayelekile ye-aluminium. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kabusha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezemvelo nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni i “Ikhabhoni embaxambili” izinhloso kanye nomnotho oyindilinga.

Eco-b. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kanye nezinselelo zokuvuselela kabusha kwe 006 I-Aluminium Foil Flexible Packagible

A. Izakhiwo Ezingokwezinto Eziyisisekelo

  1. Izakhiwo ze 006 I-Aluminium Foil: Inobukhulu obuncane be-ultra (0.005-0.006mm) nobumsulwa obuphezulu (≥99.7%). Naphezu kwekhompiyutha enhle kakhulu, Inamandla aphansi (≤120MPA) futhi kuthambekele ekulimaleni ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini. Ifilimu elincanyana le-alroo₃ (3-5nm ubukhulu) yakhiwa kalula ebusweni bayo ngenxa ye-oxidation, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kepha kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanzeka kwemithombo ye-aluminium.
  1. Izakhiwo zesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela: Uhlelo lwe-Maintream Composite luyi “ungqimba lwe-substrate (Isilwane / pa) + I-Aluminium Foil ungqimba + ungqimba lokushisa ukushisa (PE / PP)”, Bopha ngama-solvent-based adhesives (E.g., Ama-polyurethane anamathela) noma izinqubo zokuhlanganisa ndawonye. Phakathi kwazo, Izinto zokunamathisela ezenziwe nge-polyurethane zine-high cross-linking density (okuqukethwe kwejeli ≥85%), ukumelana okuqinile kwe-solvent, kanye nobubanzi obubanzi bokumelana nezinga lokushisa (-40-120℃), kube isithiyo esiyinhloko ekuhlukaniseni isixhumi esibonakalayo.

B. Izinselele Eziwumgogodla Zokugaywa kabusha

  1. Ukusebenza Kokuhlukaniswa Kwe-interface Ephansi: Amandla ahlanganisa isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-adhesive ne-aluminium foil/ungqimba lwepulasitiki afinyelela ku-20-30J/m². Izindlela ezijwayelekile zomzimba zinzima ukugqashula izibopho zokubopha, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni okungaphelele kwe-aluminium foil nepulasitiki (ukuhlanzeka kokuhlukana ≤80%).
  1. Ukulahleka Okubi Kwe-Aluminium Foil: 006 i-aluminium foil incane futhi i-brittle, okubangela kalula “ukulahleka kwe-aluminium powder” (izinga lokulahlekelwa ≥10%) ngesikhathi sokugaya nokuhlunga. Izinga le-oxidation layo likhuphuka 5%-8% nesikhathi eside sokucubungula.
  1. Ingozi Yokungcola Kwesibili: Ekwelashweni kwamakhemikhali, umthamo oguquguqukayo wama-solvents (E.g., i-toluene, i-ethyl acetate) ifinyelela ku-50-100mg / m³; I-pyrolysis ikhiqiza ama-Vocs (E.g., uchungechunge lwe-benzene) nama-dioxins (Okuqukethwe ≤0.NG Teq / M³), kudinga ukutshalwa kwemali okwengeziwe kwezindleko zokwelashwa kwegesi.
  1. Ukungalingani komnotho: Izindleko zezinqubo zokuvuselelwa kabusha kwendabuko cishe 2,000-3,000 RMB / TON, Ngenkathi intengo yokuthengisa ye-aluminium ephindaphindwayo kuphela 500-800 Rmb / ton ephansi kunaleyo ye-aluminium eyinhloko, okuholela emdlalweni ophansi wamabhizinisi wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.

ICO-C. Izindlela zokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokwelashwa kwe 006 I-Aluminium Foil Flexible Packagible

A. Indlela yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha: Ukungcoliswa okuphansi nokulinganisa okulula

Igxile ku “Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemishini + Ukuhlunga ngokomzimba”, Indlela Yomzimba ilungele ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo okuguquguqukayo ngokuqukethwe okunamathela okuphansi (≤5%). Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zinjengokulandelayo:

  1. Inqubo yokuqhekeka okushisa okushisa ngokushisa kwe-electrouting
  • Enza ngendlela ethile: Faka ukufakwa okuguqukayo endaweni yokushisa ephansi (-80~ -100 ℃) Ukunqamula ungqimba lwepulasitiki (izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi lehla ngo-20-30 ℃), bese uyichoboza ibe yizinhlayiya ezingu-5-10mm usebenzisa i-crusher isando; ucwecwe lwe-aluminium oluhlukile (umqhubi) kanye nepulasitiki (isivikelo) ngesihlukanisi se-electrostatic (I-voltage engu-30-50kV) ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kwabo kukagesi.
  • Umphumela: Isilinganiso sokutholwa kwe-aluminium ≥85%, ubumsulwa bepulasitiki ≥90%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla cishe ku-80-100kWh/ton; nokho, ukuze kufakwe izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu okunamathelayo, i-aluminium foil surface igcina ukunamathela (okuqukethwe ≥3%) ngemva kokuhlunga, edinga ukupholisha okulandelayo.
  1. Thermal Peeling-Briquetting Inqubo
  • Isimiso: Sebenzisa ukushisa kwe-infrared (120-150℃) ukuthambisa ingcina (i-viscosity yehla ibe ngu-1,000-2,000mPa · s), hlukanisa i-aluminium foil kanye nongqimba lwepulasitiki nge-roller peeler; cindezela i-aluminium foil ibe amaqebelengwane e-aluminium usebenzisa umshini we-briquetting (ingcindezi 10-15MPa), futhi usebenzise kabusha isendlalelo sepulasitiki ngokusebenzisa i-granulation.
  • Inzuzo: Ubuqotho obuhle be-aluminium foil (izinga lomonakalo ≤3), ilungele ukugaywa kabusha kwe-aluminium foil ephezulu; ukungabi namathuba: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu (150-200kWh/ton) nokunamathela kalula kwesendlalelo se-PE sokushisa ukushisa ku-roller.

-Bili 06 i-aluminium foil soft package recycling02

B. I-Chemical Recycling Indlela: Ukuhlanzeka Okuphezulu kanye Nokukhomba Okuqinile

Indlela yamakhemikhali ibhidliza ukwakheka kwezinamatheliso noma amapulasitiki kusetshenziswa izincibilikisi noma ama-reagents ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-aluminium foil ephumelelayo., ifanele ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo kwenani eliphezulu-kwengezwe (E.g., ukupakishwa kwemithi):

  1. I-Solvent Dissolution Method
  • Enza ngendlela ethile: Sebenzisa i-N-methylpyrrolidone (I-NMP) noma i-dimethylformamide (I-DMF) njengama-solvents, cwilisa iphakheji eguquguqukayo ku-80-100 ℃ amahora angu-2-4 ukuze uncibilikise izinto ezinamathelayo ezisekelwe ku-polyurethane ku-solvent; hlukanisa i-aluminium foil ngokuhlunga, buyisela i-solvent ngokusebenzisa i-distillation (izinga lokutakula ≥90%), bese womisa isendlalelo sepulasitiki ngokuwasha amanzi ngaphambi kwe-granulation.
  • Inkomba: Ukuhlanzeka kwe-aluminium foil ≥99.5%, izinga lokutakula ≥95%; nokho, izindleko ze-solvent ziphezulu (I-NMP cishe 15 I-RMB/kg), kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kokuqina kwe-solvent kuyadingeka (umkhawulo wokuchayeka emsebenzini 200mg/m³).
  1. I-Acid-Base Catalyzed Degradation Indlela
  • Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile: Amasistimu ane-Acidic (E.g., 10%-15% H₂SO₄, 80-90℃) inganciphisa i-polyamide (Yebo) ama-substrates, ngenkathi izinhlelo ze-alkaline (E.g., 5%-8% UNaoh, 60-70℃) ingalulaza i-polyvinyl alcohol (I-PVA) Adhesives.
  • Isicelo: Okokufaka kwe-PET/aluminium foil/PA okuguquguqukayo, kuqala ukubola ungqimba lwe-PA nge-asidi, bese ululaza ingcina eyinsalela nge-alkali ukuze ekugcineni uthole ucwecwe lwe-aluminium oluhlanzekile (ubumsulwa ≥99.2%); nokho, I-acid-base waste liquid idinga ukwelashwa kwe-neutralization (i-pH ishintshwe ukuze 6-8), ukukhiqiza izinsalela zikasawoti (cishe 5%-8% yevolumu yokucubungula).

C. Indlela Ehlanganisiwe Ye-Physical-Chemical: I-Synergy Ephumelelayo Nebhalansi Yezindleko

Ukuhlanganisa i-scalability yezindlela zomzimba kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwezindlela zamakhemikhali, indlela ehlanganisiwe iyindlela yamanje yentuthuko evamile:

  1. I-Crushing-Ultrasonic Assisted Solvent Method
  • Enza ngendlela ethile: Gcoba iphakheji eguquguqukayo ibe yizinhlayiya ezingu-2-3mm ekamelweni lokushisa, engeza i-ethanol-water mix mix (isilinganiso sevolumu 3:1), futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo senkambu ye-ultrasonic (amandla 300-500W, imvamisa 20-40kHz), ukusebenza kahle kokuhlakazeka kwe-adhesive kuyanda 40%-60%; hlukanisa i-aluminium foil nge-centrifugation (izinga lokutakula ≥92%), bese womisa izinhlayiya zepulasitiki ngomoya oshisayo (60-70℃) ukuze kugaywe kabusha.
  • Inzuzo: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent kwehliswe ngo 30%, umjikelezo wokucubungula ufinyezwe ukuze ube ngu-1-2h, izindleko zehliswe zaba 1,500-2,000 RMB / TON. Isetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu ebhizinisini lokugaywa kabusha lokupakisha ukudla kwasekhaya (umthamo wokucubungula 500 amathani/ngenyanga).
  1. I-Pyrolysis-Melting Separation Method
  • Isimiso: Yenza i-Pyrolyze iphakheji eguquguqukayo esithandweni se-pyrolysis esingenawo umoya-mpilo (400-500℃) ukuguqula ungqimba lwepulasitiki lube ingxube kawoyela negesi (zisebenziseka njengamafutha) futhi ubolise okunamathelayo kube yizinhlanganisela zama-molecule amancane; ncibilikisa i-aluminium foil esithandweni esincibilikayo (660-700℃), susa ungqimba lwe-oxide engaphezulu ngokungeza 3%-5% i-cryolite njenge-flux, bese uyiphonsa ezingothini ze-aluminium (ubumsulwa ≥98.5%).
  • Ubuso: Akukho ukungcola kwe-solvent, izinga lokutholwa kwegesi likawoyela ≥70%; nokho, idinga ukusekela amasistimu okwelapha igesi ephumayo (E.g., i-activated carbon adsorption + ukuvutha kwe-catalytic) kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yokuqala ephezulu (cishe 20 izigidi zama-RMB ngomugqa ngamunye wokukhiqiza).

-Bili 06 aluminium ucwecwe oluthambile iphakheji kabusha-3

D. Ipharamitha Yezobuchwepheshe Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokugaywa kabusha Ezivamile

Ukwethula ngendlela enembile izinzuzo nezingozi zezindlela ezahlukene, amapharamitha ayisisekelo obuchwepheshe afingqiwe kuthebula elilandelayo:

Uhlobo Lwendlela Yokugaywa kabusha Igama Lenqubo Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza I-Aluminium Recovery Rate Ukuhlanzeka kwePlastiki Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ton) Ukucubungula izindleko (RMB / TON) Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza
Indlela Yomzimba I-Low-Temperature Crushing-Electrostatic Separation Izinga lokushisa -80~-100℃, Amandla kagesi angu-30-50kV ≥85% ≥90% 80-100 1,200-1,800 Ukupakishwa okujwayelekile okuguquguqukayo nokuqukethwe okunamathelayo ≤5%
Indlela Yomzimba I-Thermal Peeling-Briquetting Izinga lokushisa 120-150 ℃, Ingcindezi engu-10-15MPa ≥92% ≥88% 150-200 1,800-2,500 Izimo ezidinga ubuqotho be-aluminium foil
Indlela Yekhemikhali Ukuqedwa kwe-solvent (I-NMP) Izinga lokushisa 80-100 ℃, Ukuphuza amahora angu-2-4 ≥95% ≥92% 50-80 3,000-4,500 Ukupakishwa kwemithi enezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu
Indlela Yekhemikhali I-Acid-Base Catalyzed Degradation I-Acidolysis 80-90℃/Alkalinolysis 60-70℃ ≥94% ≥85% 60-90 2,500-3,500 I-PET/PA substrate yokupakisha eguquguqukayo
Indlela Ehlanganisiwe I-Crushing-Ultrasonic Assisted Solvent Amandla e-Ultrasonic 300-500W, I-Solvent Ethanol-Amanzi 3:1 ≥92% ≥93% 70-110 1,500-2,000 Ukugaywa kabusha kokupakishwa kokudla okukhulu
Indlela Ehlanganisiwe I-Pyrolysis-Melting Separation I-Pyrolysis 400-500 ℃, Ukuncibilika 660-700 ℃ ≥90% – 200-250 2,200-3,000 Izimo ezingadingi ukungcoliswa kwe-solvent

Eco-d. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimo Zokusebenza Ezijwayelekile

A. Iphrojekthi Yokwenza Kabusha Yebhizinisi Lasekhaya Lezobisi

  • Icubungula Into: I-PE/aluminium foil/PA aseptic pillow packaging (006 okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium foil cishe 15%)
  • Umzila Wokucubungula: Ukuchotshozwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi (-90℃) → Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Electrostatic → Ukuncibilika kwe-ethanol okusizwa nge-ultrasonic → I-aluminiyamu yokufaka i-briquetting ye-aluminium → Imbudumbudu yepulasitiki
  • Umphumela: Isilinganiso sokutholwa kwe-aluminium 95.3%, isilinganiso sokubuyiselwa kwepulasitiki 88.7%. I-aluminium egaywe kabusha isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izikhala ze-aluminium foil (khokhisa 650 I-RMB/ton iphansi kune-aluminium eyinhloko), futhi ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha isetshenziselwa ukwenza amaphalethi okupakisha, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ kwaminyaka yonke cishe 800 ithambo.

B. Ubuchwepheshe be-European Pharmaceutical Packaging Recycling Enterprise

  • Icubungula Into: I-PET/aluminium foil/PP blister package (006 ukuhlanzeka kwe-aluminium foil 99.9%)
  • Umzila Wokucubungula: Isizinda se-CO₂ esibucayi (izinga lokushisa ngu-31 ℃, ingcindezi 7.38MPa) → Ukuhlanzwa kwe-aluminium foil → ukugaywa kabusha kwe-PET
  • Inzuzo: I-Supercritical CO₂ inenani lokuncibilika lokunamathelayo le 98% ngaphandle kwezinsalela ze-solvent. Ukuhlanzeka kwe-aluminium foil kufinyelela 99.8%, futhi i-PET egaywe kabusha isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-substrates okupakisha asezingeni lezemithi, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ye-EU REACH. Nokho, izindleko zokucubungula cishe 4,000 RMB / TON, kufanelekile kuphela ezinkundleni eziphezulu.

C. Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Ukusebenza Lamacala Ajwayelekile

Umthombo wekesi Icubungula Into Inqubo Eyinhloko I-Aluminium Recovery Rate Izinga Lokubuyisela Ipulasitiki Ukuhlanzeka Komkhiqizo Osenziwe Kabusha Izindleko Zokucubungula Iyunithi (RMB / TON) Inkomba Yemvelo (Ukwehliswa kwe-CO₂ ngonyaka)
I-Domestic Dairy Enterprise I-PE/Aluminium Foil/PA Aseptic Pillow Packaging I-Low-Temperature Crushing + I-Ultrasonic Assisted Solvent 95.3% 88.7% I-Aluminium ≥99.2%, Ipulasitiki ≥92% 1,800 800 ithambo
I-European Pharmaceutical Enterprise I-PET/Aluminium Foil/PP Blister Packaging I-Supercritical CO₂ Extraction 99.8% 95.0% I-Aluminium ≥99.8%, I-PET ≥99% 4,000 500 ithambo (ukucutshungulwa kweqoqo elincane)
I-Domestic Electronic Enterprise* I-PET/Aluminium Foil/PI Shielding Packaging I-Pyrolysis-Melting Separation 92.5% – (I-Pyrolyzed ibe Isibaseli) I-Aluminium ≥98.5% 2,500 1,200 ithambo (ukucubungula ngezinga elikhulu)

Incwajana: *Icala lebhizinisi lasekhaya le-elekthronikhi liwuhlelo lwezimboni olwengeziwe. Inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-pyrolysis isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okungamelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuqukethe i-PI. (i-polyimide), futhi ungqimba lwepulasitiki lufakwa nge-pyrolyzed lube uphethiloli ukuze kutholakale amandla.

-Bili 06 aluminium ucwecwe oluthambile iphakheji kabusha-1

Eco-e. Iziqondiso Zokuthuthukiswa Kwekusasa Neziphakamiso

A. Izikhombisi-ndlela Zokusungula Kwezobuchwepheshe

  1. R&D weGreen Separation Technologies: Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokungcoliswa okuncane okufana nokunamathelisa okonakaliswa yi-enzyme (E.g., I-lipase inezinga lokuwohloka kwe-polyurethane ≥80%) kanye nokwelashwa kwe-plasma surface (ukwephula ungqimba lwe-aluminium foil oxide) ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula.
  1. Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Inani Eliphezulu: Sebenzisa ucwecwe lwe-aluminium olugaywe kabusha lwabaqoqi bamanje bebhethri ye-lithium (idinga ukuhlanzeka ≥99.9%) kanye nepulasitiki egaywe kabusha ukuze kulungiswe izinto zokupakisha ezilwa namagciwane (ingeza i-nano-ZnO) ukuthuthukisa inani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo.

B. Ukusebenzisana Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nezimboni

  1. Thuthukisa Uhlelo Lokugaywa kabusha: Sebenzisa Isibopho Esandisiwe Somkhiqizi (I -PR) uhlelo, edinga amabhizinisi okupakisha ukuthi athwale okungaphezu kwalokho 30% wezindleko zokugaywa kabusha; ukusungula inethiwekhi yezinga amathathu “ukugaywa kabusha komphakathi – ukuhlunga okumaphakathi – ukucutshungulwa kochwepheshe” ukuthuthukisa izinga lokutholwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.
  1. Izinyathelo Zokugqugquzela Umnotho: Nikeza ngoxhaso lwe 500 I-RMB/ton yemikhiqizo ye-aluminium egaywe kabusha ye-aluminium kanye nokukhulula amabhizinisi agaywe kabusha enteleni yenani elingeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuqala bokutshala imali..

Eco-f. Isiphetho

Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokwelashwa kwe 006 i-aluminium foil flexible packaging idinga ukunqoba izinkinga ezine ezibalulekile: “ukuhlukaniswa kwe-interface – ukuvikelwa kwe-aluminium foil – ukulawula ukungcola – ibhalansi yezindleko”. Izindlela ezingokwenyama zifanele ukucubungula kwangaphambilini okukhulu, izindlela zamakhemikhali zingafeza ukugaywa kabusha kokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, nezindlela ezihlangene zamakhemikhali aphathekayo ziyindlela yobuchwepheshe efanele njengamanje. Njengoba kuboniswe esiqhathanisweni sethebula, i “Inqubo ye-solvent ye-crushing-ultrasonic esiza” phakathi kwezindlela ezihlanganisiwe ifinyelela ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yezindleko, izinga lokutakula, nobungane bezemvelo, futhi uhlangabezane nemibandela yokukhushulwa ngezinga elikhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokusebenzisa emisha yezobuchwepheshe (E.g., ukuhlukana okuluhlaza, ukusetshenziswa kwenani eliphezulu), isiqondiso senqubomgomo (E.g., Uhlelo lwe-EPR, izinxephezelo zomxhaso), nokusebenzisana kwezimboni (ukuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula ezansi nomfula), isilinganiso sokuphinda usebenzise kabusha 006 i-aluminium foil eguquguqukayo emaphaketheni kufanele ikhuliswe kusukela yamanje 30% kuze 60% ngase- 2030, ukuzuza isimo esiwinayo sokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.

Umlobi

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