Ishadi le-Aluminium Alloy Series: 1xxx kuya ku-8xxx Kuchaziwe
Inombolo enezinhlamvu ezine ekucacisweni kwe-aluminium ayifuni. Idijithi yokuqala ikutshela i-elementi ye-alloying eyinhloko, futhi ngakho-ke iningi lalokho okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nendlela insimbi eziphatha ngayo.
Funda uchungechunge futhi ungabheka ibanga ongalazi futhi ubikezele uhlamvu lwalo — ukuthi lizoshisela yini, ngabe izogqwala, ngabe ingelashwa yini ukushisa, nokuthi inamandla kangakanani.
Isistimu yochungechunge ngokubuka nje
| -Uhume | Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-alloying | Ukushisa kuyelapheka | Ukumelana nokugqwala | Amandla ajwayelekile |
| 1I-XXX | Lutho — ≥99% i-aluminium | -Nokuba | Kuhle kakhulu | -Ehlile |
| 2I-XXX | Ithusi | Yebo | Impofu | Phezulu kakhulu |
| 3I-XXX | IManganese | -Nokuba | Kuhle | Okuphansi-okumaphakathi |
| 4I-XXX | I-silicon | Abanye | Kuhle | Okuphakathi |
| 5I-XXX | Magnesium | -Nokuba | Kuhle kakhulu | Okuphakathi |
| 6I-XXX | Magnesium + i-silicon | Yebo | Kuhle | Maphakathi-phezulu |
| 7I-XXX | Uthayela | Yebo | Kuhle | Phezulu kakhulu |
| 8I-XXX | -Nye nje (ngokuvamile Fe, Li, noma i-foil ethize) | Iyahlukahluka | Iyahlukahluka | Iyahlukahluka |
1xxx - i-aluminium ehlanzekile yokuthengisa
Ukwakheka: ≥99.00% i-aluminium, akukho ukungezwa okukhulu okwenziwe ngamabomu.
| Khuphuka | Ubumsulwa | Umlingiswa |
| 1050 | ≥99.50% | Excellent formability kanye conductivity; ethambile |
| 1060 | ≥99.60% | Kancane kancane; Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu |
| 1070 | ≥99.70% | Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu |
| 1100 | ≥99.00% | Inamandla kancane (encane Cu), Ukusebenza okuhle |
| 1145 | ≥99.45% | Amabanga we-Foil |
| 1235 | ≥99.35% | I-foil kanye nokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo |
Umlingiswa: ethambile, kwakheka ngokwedlulele, omuhle kakhulu kagesi kanye ne-thermal conductivity, Ukumelana kahle kokugqwala okuhle, ayelapheka ngokushisa, Amandla aphansi.
Isetshenziselwa: i-foil kanye nokupakisha, imishini yamakhemikhali, amakhondaktha kagesi namabhasi, Ukushisa Okushibhile, izitsha zokupheka ezijulile, izicelo ezibonisa futhi zokuhlobisa, ibhethri yamanje umqoqi foil.
Khetha okuthi 1xxx nini udinga conductivity, ukwakheka okuphezulu, noma ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi amandla akuyona into ehamba phambili.
2xxx - ithusi
Ukwakheka: ithusi njengesengezo esiyinhloko (ngokuvamile 3–6%).
| Khuphuka | Incwajana |
| 2024 | Ingxubevange ye-aerospace yakudala; amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokukhathala okuhle |
| 2011 | Free-machining |
| 2014 / 2017 | Ama-forging aphezulu kanye nesakhiwo |
Umlingiswa: ukushisa kuyalapheka, amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhathala - kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle kanye nokushisela okubi ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile kugqokwa noma kupendwe ukuze kuvikelwe.
Isetshenziselwa: izakhiwo zezindiza, ama-aerospace forgings, izingxenye zomshini ezinamandla aphezulu, hardware yezempi.
I-Caveat: ngokuvamile kugwenywa ezindaweni zasolwandle nasezindaweni ezishiselwe. Futhi anodizes kabi - ayifanele anodizing zokuhlobisa.
3xxx - manganese
Ukwakheka: manganese njengesengezo esiyinhloko (ngokuvamile 1.0–1.5%).
| Khuphuka | Incwajana |
| 3003 | Ingxubevange engu-3xxx yenhloso evamile |
| 3004 | Amandla aphezulu; isiphuzo can imizimba |
| 3105 | Imikhiqizo yokwakha, ukufulela, phelisa |
Umlingiswa: ayelapheka ngokushisa, amandla alinganiselayo (cishe 20% kunamandla kuno-1xxx), ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokushisela, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle.
Isetshenziselwa: Izitsha Zokupheka, amathini esiphuzo, Ukushisa Okushibhile, ukufulela nokuseceleni, imishini yamakhemikhali, Umsebenzi we-generale wensimbi.
4xxx - i-silicon
Ukwakheka: i-silicon njengesengezo esiyinhloko.
Umlingiswa: yehlisa indawo yokuncibilika, kuthuthukisa fluidity. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziswa njenge i-welding kanye ne-brazing filler kunokuba njengomkhiqizo owenziwe. Amanye amamaki angu-4xxx ayelapheka ngokushisa; 4ama-xxx fillers asetshenziswa nge-6xxx base metal.
Isetshenziselwa: i-welding wire kanye ne-brazing filler (4043, 4047), amanye ama-piston kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingagugi.
5xxx - i-magnesium
Ukwakheka: magnesium njengesengezo esiyinhloko (ngokuvamile 0.5–5.5%).
| Khuphuka | Magnesium | Incwajana |
| 5005 | 0.5-1.1% | Ingxubevange ye-Architectural anodizing |
| 5052 | 2.2-2.8% | I-alloy yensimbi evamile yasolwandle neshidi |
| 5083 | 4.0-4.9% | Isakhiwo sasolwandle; amandla aphezulu |
| 5086 | 3.5-4.5% | Imikhumbi yasolwandle nengcindezi |
| 5754 | 2.6-3.6% | Izimoto kanye jikelele |
| 5182 | 4.0-5.0% | Isiphuzo singaphela |
Umlingiswa: ayelapheka ngokushisa, amandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu ukusuka ekuqinisweni kwesixazululo esiqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu okuhlanganisa nezasolwandle, ukufudumala okuhle, ukuhleleka okuhle ekuthukutheleni okuthambile.
Isetshenziselwa: izakhiwo zasolwandle kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikebhe, imizimba yezimoto, Imikhumbi Yengcindezelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cryogenic, panel yezakhiwo, isibonakaliso, ikhokhere, ingaphela.
Khetha okuthi 5xxx nini udinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokushisela. Lolu wuchungechunge lwasolwandle nezokuthutha.
6xxx - i-magnesium ne-silicon
Ukwakheka: I-Magnesium ne-Silicon, ukwakha i-Mg₂Si, okwenza uchungechunge lokushisa lwelapheke.
| Khuphuka | Incwajana |
| 6061 | Ingxubevange yesakhiwo senhloso ejwayelekile |
| 6063 | I-extrusions yezakhiwo; i-anodizing enhle kakhulu |
| 6082 | Ukulingana kwesakhiwo saseYurophu; esetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu |
| 6005 / 6005A | Ama-extrusions esakhiwo |
Umlingiswa: ukushisa kuyalapheka (I-T6 yisimo esivamile), amandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, Imishini enhle, ukushisela okuhle (nakuba amandla ehla endaweni yokushisela), extrudability omuhle kakhulu.
Isetshenziselwa: izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye ne-extrusions, amafreyimu ezakhiwo kanye nodonga lwamakhethini, izingxenye zezimoto, Ama-Bicycle Frames, izingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini, ukubhobhoza, izinto zasolwandle.
Khetha okuthi 6xxx nini udinga okokwelapha ukushisa, iyasebenziseka, extrudable structural alloy enezakhiwo ezinhle eziyindilinga. 6061 iyingxubevange ye-aluminium esetshenziswa kakhulu kubunjiniyela obujwayelekile.
7xxx - zinc
Ukwakheka: zinc njengesengezo esiyinhloko, ngokuvamile nge-magnesium nethusi.
| Khuphuka | Incwajana |
| 7075 | Ingxubevange ye-aluminium evamile yamandla aphezulu; i-aerospace |
| 7005 | Okushiselayo, esetshenziswa kumafreyimu ebhayisikili nezithuthuthu |
| 7050 / 7150 | Aerospace plate kanye forgings |
Umlingiswa: ukushisa kuyalapheka, amandla aphezulu atholakala ku-aluminium eyenziwe, kodwa ukumelana nokugqwala okufanelekile kuya kokumpofu kanye nokushisela okungekuhle (ngaphandle okuhlukile njenge 7005).
Isetshenziselwa: izakhiwo zezindiza, izingxenye ze-aerospace ezinengcindezi ephezulu, izimpahla zezemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izicelo zempi.
I-Caveat: usengozini yokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi kwezinye intukuthelo; i-anodizes kahle; ngokuvamile ayikhethelwa inkonzo yasolwandle.
8xxx - ezinye izakhi
Uchungechunge lwe-catch-all lwama-alloys alufakwa kwenye indawo. Ku-foil, amamaki angu-8xxx aphakathi kwabaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
| Khuphuka | Umlingiswa | Sebenzisa |
| 8011 | I-Al-Fe-Si | I workhorse emaphaketheni ucwecwe ingxubevange - ucwecwe yasendlini, isitsha se-foil, I-PTP ye-pharmaceutical lidding, Amabhodlela amabhodlela |
| 8021 | I-Al-Fe-Si, kakhulu Si | I-foil yemithi yefomu ebandayo, I-High-Barrier Laminates |
| 8079 | I-Al-Fe-Si, low Si/Mn | Ukudla okuvinjelwe kakhulu kanye ne-foil yemithi, ama-laminates amancane |
| 8006 | Al-Fe-Mn | Isitsha kanye ne-foil yokupakisha |
| 8090 / 8xxx Li amamaki | I-Aluminium-lithium | I-Aerospace, ukuminyana okuphansi |
Umehluko obalulekile ngaphakathi kwamabanga we-foil angu-8xxx ungu ubumsulwa bezakhi ezincane. 8011 ivumela i-silicon ne-manganese eyengeziwe, ukuyenza ibe namandla futhi ishibhile. 8021 futhi 8079 zivimbele, ukunikeza ductility kangcono, izikhonkwane ezimbalwa kanye nezithiyo ezingcono - yingakho zisetshenziselwa ukwakheka okubandayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezithiyo eziphezulu.
Ukufunda amagama entukuthelo
Isijobelelo ngemva kwebanga sichaza isimo sokwelashwa:
| Isijobelelo | Incazelo |
| E f | Njengokwenziwe |
| O | I-Annealed - ethambile kakhulu, ukwakheka okuphezulu |
| H | Ubunzima buqinile (enedijithi yesibili yeziqu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yesithathu ukuze kuqiniswe) |
| H1x | Ubunzima buqinile kuphela |
| H2x | Ukucindezela kuqinisiwe futhi kukhishwe kancane |
| H3x | Ubunzima buqinile futhi buzinzile |
| H12 / H14 / H16 / H18 | Ikota / ingxenye / ingxenye yesithathu / egcwele kanzima |
| H32 / H34 | Ubunzima buqinile futhi buzinzile - ulaka lwasolwandle |
| T | Ukwelashwa ngokushisa (ukuphathwa ukushisa) |
| T4 | Isixazululo silashwe futhi sigugile ngokwemvelo |
| T5 | Ipholiswe ekwakhiweni futhi yaguga ngokuzenzela |
| T6 | Isixazululo siphathwe futhi asebekhulile ngokwenziwa - amandla aphezulu |
| T651 | I-T6 kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka ngokwelula |
Inothi eliwusizo: ngama-alloys angelapheki (1I-XXX, 3I-XXX, 5I-XXX) uzobona kuphela u-O no-H abathukuthele. Okwama-alloys akwazi ukumelana nokushisa (2I-XXX, 6I-XXX, 7I-XXX) uzobona i-T tempers.
Umhlahlandlela wokukhetha osheshayo
| Uma udinga… | -Uhume | Ibanga elijwayelekile |
| Ukwakheka okuphezulu noma i-conductivity | 1I-XXX | 1050, 1060 |
| I-foil yokupakisha, inhloso jikelele | 8I-XXX | 8011 |
| I-high-barrier noma i-cold-form foil | 8I-XXX | 8079, 8021 |
| Insimbi yeshidi elijwayelekile, amandla alinganiselayo | 3I-XXX | 3003 |
| Ukumelana nokugqwala kwasolwandle | 5I-XXX | 5052 |
| Isakhiwo sasolwandle | 5I-XXX | 5083 |
| Isakhiwo esijwayelekile, iyasebenziseka | 6I-XXX | 6061 |
| I-extrusion yezakhiwo, unswizi | 6I-XXX | 6063 |
| Amandla aphezulu | 7I-XXX | 7075 |
| Isakhiwo se-Aerospace | 2I-XXX / 7I-XXX | 2024, 7075 |
FAQ
Isho ukuthini idijithi yokuqala yebanga le-aluminium? I-elementi ye-alloying eyinhloko: 1 = okumsulwa, 2 = ithusi, 3 = manganese, 4 = i-silicon, 5 = i-magnesium, 6 = i-magnesium + i-silicon, 7 = zinc, 8 = enye.
Iluphi uchungechunge lwe-aluminium oluqine kakhulu? 7I-XXX (zinc), eholwa ngu 7075, inikeza amandla aphakeme kakhulu ku-aluminium eyenziwe. 2I-XXX (ithusi) futhi inamandla kakhulu.
Iluphi uchungechunge olunokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu? 1xxx futhi 5xxx. 5I-XXX (ikakhulukazi 5052, 5083, 5086) ihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala namandla awusizo, yingakho bubusa imisebenzi yasolwandle.
Ingabe yonke i-aluminium ingaphathwa ngokushisa? -Nokuba. 2I-XXX, 6i-xxx ne-7xxx ziyalapheka ngokushisa. 1I-XXX, 3I-xxx ne-4xxx azikho - zithola amandla kuphela ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi (Uthukuthele).
Uyini umehluko phakathi 6061 futhi 6063? 6061 iyingxubevange yesakhiwo evamile enamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini. 6063 iyingxubevange ye-architectural extrusion ene-surface engcono yokuqeda kanye nokuphendula okuphezulu kwe-anodizing.
Kungani 8011, 8021 futhi 8079 konke kusetshenziselwa i-foil? Wonke ama-al-Fe-Si alloys, kodwa ziyahluka endleleni izakhi ezincane ezikhawulelwe ngokuqinile. 8011 ivumela i-silicon ne-manganese eyengeziwe - kunamandla, eshibhile. 8021 futhi 8079 ahlanzekile - ama-ductile amaningi, amaphinifa ambalwa, umgoqo ongcono.
Isho ukuthini i-T6? Ukushisa kwesixazululo kuphathwe bese kuguga ngokwenziwa ukuze kube namandla. Isebenza kuphela kuma-alloys aphethwe ukushisa.
Iyiphi i-alloy okufanele ngiyikhethele i-welding? 5I-XXX (5052, 5083) ama welds best futhi agcina amandla njengoba-welded. 6I-xxx ishisela ngokwamukelekayo kodwa ilahlekelwa amandla endaweni ethinteke ukushisa. 2xxx kanye ne-7xxx ngokuvamile abampofu.
Awunasiqiniseko sokuthi yiluphi uchungechunge oludingayo?
Sithumele isicelo sakho, imvelo, indlela yokwenza kanye nesidingo samandla. Sizoncoma uchungechunge kanye nebanga — futhi sikutshele uma ingxubevange eshibhile izokwenza umsebenzi.