Indlela yokwelashwa yokufaka anyanisi ye-aluminium ebusweni

Ukuhlehlisa komhlaba

Akunandaba noma iyiphi indlela esetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinto ze-aluminium nemikhiqizo, Kuzoba nokungcola kanye nokuphazamiseka ngaphezulu kwamazinga ahlukahlukene, njengothuli, ama-metal oxides (Amafilimu wemvelo noma we-aluminium oxide asungulwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu), Amafutha aseleyo, Amamaki asphalt, Ukuthwala i-Mudra (Izakhi eziphambili zingama-acid amafutha ne-nitrogenous

1. I-oxalic acid anodizing

Iningi lezinto ezithinta i-sulfuric acid anodization libuye lisebenzele ku-oxAlic acid anodization, okungasebenzisa okuqondile kwamanje, Ukushintsha kwamanje, noma i-superposition yokushintshana kwamanje futhi iqonde okwamanje. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, Ifilimu etholwe ngokushintshana nge-oxidation yamanje iyathambile futhi inciphise kancane; I-oxidation eqondile yamanje ivame ukugcwala ngokucophelela, Kepha ukushintshana nge-oxidation yamanje kungakuvimbela. Ngokwanda kokushintshana kwamanje, Ukumelana nokugqwala kwefilimu kuyanda, Kepha umbala uyajula , Impahla yombala imbi kakhulu kunaleyo yefilimu ye-sulfuric acid. Ukuqoqwa kwe-oxalic acid yamahhala ku-electrolyte kuyinto 3%-10%, ngokujwayelekile 3%-5%. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-oxidation, ngamunye a. h kudla cishe ngo-0.13-0.14g, Ngenkathi ngakunye. H Kukhona u-0.08-0.09g we-aluminium encibilikisiwe ku-electrolyte ukukhiqiza i-aluminium oxalate, okudingeka ukuthi udle 5 izikhathi inani le-oxalic acid. Ukuhlushwa kwe-aluminium ion kwikhambi kulawulwa ngezansi kwe-20G / L, Futhi lapho iqukethe i-30G / L Aluminium, Isixazululo sizokwehluleka. I-Oxalic Acid Electrolyte iyazwela kakhulu chloride. Lapho ufaka i-aluminium emsulwa noma i-aluminium alloy, Okuqukethwe kwe-chloride akufanele kudlule u-0.04-0.02g / l, ngokulandelana. Isixazululo silungiswa kangcono ngamanzi amsulwa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa le-electrolyte lenyuka, Ifilimu liba mncane. Ukuthola amafilimu abukhali, I-PH yesisombululo kufanele iphakanyiswe. I-Direct Crank Anodizing isebenzisa ukuhola, I-graphite noma insimbi engenacala njenge-cathode, futhi isilinganiso sayo sendawo kuya ku-anode phakathi (1:2)-(1:1). I-oxalic acid iyi-acid ebuthakathaka ene-solubity ephansi. Lapho i-aluminium i-oxidised, Umkhiqizo kanye ne-electrolyte kumele kupholile. Ubukhulu nombala wefilimu ye-oxalic acid kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokwakheka kwe-alloy. Ubukhulu befilimu le-aluminium emsulwa buphuzi noma bulvery white, Ngenkathi ukuqina kwefilimu kwe-alloy kujule njengephuzi nethusi. Ngemuva kwe-oxidation, Ingqimba yefilimu ihlanzwa. Uma kungadayiswanga, kungavalwa ngomusi ngengcindezi ka-3.43 × 10 4 Ingcindezi ye-PA ye 30-60 imizuzu.

2. Chromic acid anodizing

Inqubo ye-chromic ac anodizing ikhonjiswa etafuleni-4. Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlunga kufanele kwenziwe kaningi ngesikhathi senqubo ye-oxidation, futhi i-chromic anhydride kufanele ingezwe ngesikhathi. Izinto ze-cathode ze-electrolysis zingaholwa, insimbi yoku-ayina, insimbi engagqwali, kanye nesilinganiso esingcono kakhulu se-Anode eya eCatide (5:1)-(10:1). Lapho kunama-ion amaningi we-chromium we-chromium kwisixazululo, Bangakwazi ukufakwa kwi-ex ye-chromium ye-hexavalent nge-electrolysis. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-sulfate esixazululweni kudlula 0.5%, Umphumela we-anodic oxidation awumuhle. Lapho i-sulfate ion inde, I-Barium Hydroxide noma i-barium carbonate ingangezwa ekwakheni imvula ye-barium sulfate. Okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kusixazululo akufanele kudlule u-0.2g / l. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kwikhambi kudlula i-70g / l, Isixazululo kufanele sihlanjululwe noma sifakwe esikhundleni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zendlela ye-chromic acid anodizing, indlela ye-anodizing yokuguqulwa komjikelezo we-voltage noma indlela ye-voltage anodizing engashintshi (indlela esheshayo ye-chromic acid).

3. Kunzima (ifilimu eliwugqinsi) unswizi

I-Hard anodizing iyindlela yenqubo yokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ewugqinsi neqinile phezu kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys.. Ubukhulu obukhulu befilimu eqinile bungafinyelela ku-250μm, ubulukhuni befilimu obukhiwe nge-aluminium emsulwa yi-12000-15000MPa, futhi ingxubevange ngokuvamile ingu-4000-6000MPa, ecishe ifane naleyo yoqweqwe oluqinile lwe-chrome, futhi banokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka ekuhambisaneni okuphansi. , i-porosity yefilimu enzima imayelana 20%, ephansi kunaleyo yefilimu ye-sulfuric acid evamile. Ezinye izinqubo ze-anodizing ezinzima ziboniswa kuThebula-7.
Ithebula-7 Inqubo ye-anodizing enzima

-Nokuba. Izinga lokushisa le-Electrolyte/degree ukuminyana kwamanje/(A / DM2) I-voltage yokuqala nephethe/V Isikhathi/imizuzu Ukushuba kwefilimu/μm

qala i-voltage yokuphela kwe-voltage

1 15% i-sulfuric acid+14-+4.4 2-2.1 26 120 90 50
2 15% i-boric acid, 4%I-Na2HC6H5O7 +60-+70 0.4-0.6 100 300 240 200
3 10% i-sulfuric acid+10 250W/dm2 15-25 80 60 10-130
4 15% I-Sulphuric acid-1-+4.5 2-2.5 25-30 40-60 60-240 28-150
5 10% I-Sulphuric acid+8-+10 25 60 60 25-60
6 10%-15% I-asidi ye-sulphuric 0 -+4 5 AC 10-12 60-70
Dc 20-24 120-140
7 6%-8% i-oxalic acid dihydrate Izimo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ingxubevange
8 6%-7% i-sulfuric acid+3% -6% organic additive+ 4.5-+18+4.5-+18 1.3-2 10 150 40 65
9 10%-20% I-Sulphuric acid-6-+10 30 280 160 115-150
10 10%-15% I-Sulphuric acid+8 4 20-25 60 60 55 -80
11 5.5% i-formic acid, 8% i-oxalic acid dihydrate +15-+25 3-6 45 90 100-250

4. I-Porcelain anodizing

I-Porcelain i-anodizing aluminium kanye nama-alloys e-aluminium anodized kusawoti we-titanium, usawoti we-zirconium noma isisombululo sikasawoti we-thorium we-oxalic acid, i-citric acid ne-boric acid, futhi i-hydroxide yensimbi kasawoti esixazululweni ingena ezimbotsheni zefilimu ye-oxide, ukuze ubuso bomkhiqizo bubonise Ukwelashwa okune-opaque kanye noqweqwe lwawo oluminyene noma ukubukeka okufana nepulasitiki okucwebezelayo okukhethekile.. Inqubo ye-porcelain anodizing ngokuyisisekelo ngokufanayo naleyo ye-sulfuric acid anodizing evamile. Umehluko ukuthi i-porcelain anodizing yenziwa e-High DC Voltage (115-125V) kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwesisombululo (50-60 amadigri), futhi i-electrolyte ivame ukuvuselwa. , Kuvame ukulungisa inani le-pH ukukwenza ebangeni le 1.6-2.

Ukudaya Ukwelashwa

Indlela yokufaka imibala yamakhemikhali inezinzuzo zenqubo elula, Ukulawulwa okulula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, Ukutshala imali okuphansi okuphansi, i-gamut ebanzi nombala okhanyayo. Nokho, Imikhiqizo yendawo enkulu ithambekele kumbala ongalingani, Kulula ukuhlinza ngemuva kokuhlanza, Ukuvalwa okungafanele, noma ukulimala kwemishini. . Umbala wamakhemikhali wefilimu ye-aluminium anodised kususelwa emandleni engqimba yefilimu ye-porous ukumunca udayi njengendwangu enjengendwangu. Ngokujwayelekile, Ububanzi befilimu le-anodised ngu-0.01-0.03μM, futhi udayi uhlukaniswa ube yi-molecule eyodwa emanzini, ngobubanzi obungu-0.0015-0.0030μm. Ngesikhathi sokufaka umbala, udayi uyakhangiswa phezu kwezimbotshana bese uyahlakazeka bese unqwabelana ezimbotsheni.. Isendlalelo se-membrane sinemibala nge-ionic bonding kanye ne-hydrogen bonding, futhi udayi ugxilile ezimbotsheni ngemva kokuvalwa.

(1) Ukudaya ngodayi bemvelo

1. Ukukhethwa kwe
odayi Ziningi izinhlobo zamadayi aphilayo , futhi odayi bakhethwa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukene kanye namabanga omkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, odayi be-vat abancibilikayo bayabiza futhi banokushesha kombala okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kakhulu ekudayweni kwemikhiqizo ye-aluminium yezinga eliphezulu njengamapeni egolide, izilayishi, kanye nezinsiza-kuzwa; odayi abancibilika ngotshwala basetshenziselwa ukudaya i-aluminium foil; odayi abancibilika ngamafutha basetshenziselwa ukuphrinta i-aluminium foil. Ncibilikisa ku-nitrocellulose ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa Ingasetshenziswa kumavarnish afana nethafa, i-vinyl noma i-polyamide resins, noma kuma-melamine resins nama-epoxy resins ancibilike kuma-varnish okubhaka. Ngemva kokuphrinta, ifilimu ye-resin enamadayi yakhiwa ebusweni be-aluminium foil ehlanziwe. Izinhlobo zodayi ezisetshenziselwa ukudaya imikhiqizo ye-aluminium zihlanganisa odayi be-asidi, odayi be-acid complex, amadayi e-acid mordant, odayi abaqondile, odayi be-asidi ababuthakathaka, hlakaza odayi, odayi be-vat abancibilikayo, odayi abasebenzayo, odayi abayisisekelo, odayi abancibilika ngotshwala, odayi abancibilika ngamafutha, njll. .

2. Inqubo nokulawula udayi we-organic

(1) Ukudaya kwe-Monochromatic: Gcoba imikhiqizo ye-aluminum e-anodized negeziwe ibe yikhambi likadayi ezingeni lokushisa elithile. Isikhathi sokudaya sincike ekujuleni kombala, futhi umthamo wokugeza udayi ungalawulwa ngesilinganiso se 10 kumthamo womkhiqizo: 1.

(2) Ukudaya ngemibala eminingi: Uma imibala emibili noma ngaphezulu ehlukene idayiwe ezingxenyeni ze-aluminium, ezifana namathafa, izimbali nezinyoni, imisebenzi, abalingiswa, njll., inqubo yokuphrinta isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqedela ipuleti lokuphrinta. inguqulo) kanye nenguqulo yesikrini, indlela yokunyathelisa eqondile, upende anti-daying indlela, indlela yokudaya igwebu, njll. ingasetshenziswa. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wukuthi ngemuva kokudaya umbala wokuqala, sebenzisa iphethini ukuze uphrinte ifilimu yokupenda evikelayo engxenyeni edinga ukushiya umbala, bese ususa umbala osele, neyesibili, imibala yesithathu nangaphezulu ingatholwa ngokufanisa. Ukugxila kokudaya kanye nezimo zenqubo zodayi abahlukahlukene bezinto eziphilayo kukhonjisiwe kuThebula-9.

Igama likadayi wombala ukugxiliswa kwe-g/L izinga lokushisa elingu-0C inani lesikhathi se-pH ubuncane

I-Aludye Black HBK 8-10 50-60 5.5-6 15-30
Black MBK 8-10 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-MRL emnyama 10-12 50-60 5.0-6.0 5-30
I-BBK emnyama 10-12 50 -60 5.0-6.0 15-30
Black DG 10 55-60 6.0-7.0 10-30
I-WAL emnyama 10-12 50-55 6.0-7.0 15-30
I-MLW emnyama 8-12 50-60 4.2-4.8 5-30
U-Aludye Red Big Red A 2-5 50-60 5-5.5 5-10
I-D4BS Ebomvu Enkulu <25 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-10
I-Red MB enhle kakhulu 0.5-5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
Obomvu B 2-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-D4B ebomvu 2 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-10
I-SBR ebomvu <3 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-10
I-FRB Ebomvu 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
Okubomvu Okukhanyayo 3B 1- 2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-MBES ebomvu 1-2 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-MBES Ebomvu Enkulu 1-2 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-RBL ebomvu 2 55-60 4.5-5.0 5-15
I-PBL ebomvu 2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
I-CFB ebomvu 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-15
I-Red FPR High Concentration 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
I-Big Red FAR High Concentration 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Pink BN 0.5-5 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-15
I-Aludye Purple Violet VB <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
I-MFBL Ensomi <5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
I-RVB Ensomi <5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Purple MBB <5 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
Burgundy BL 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
U-Aludye Brown Brown BRL <2 50-60 4.5-5.0 5-15
Brown CFA 0.5-2 55-60 4.5-5.5 5-15
Brown THM 0.5-5 55-60 5.0 -6.0 5-10
BM Brown 0.5-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
UBrown GL 0.5-5 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-Brown KBL 1-5 55-60 5.5-6.5 5-15
URed Brown AG 0.1-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Yellow Brown ASG 0.2-2 56-60 4.5-5.0 5-10
I-Aludye Green Green BGLN <2 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
I-RGS eluhlaza 1-9 55-60 5.0-5.5 5-15
Okuhlaza 5GM <2 50-55 5.0-6.0 5-15
I-M6B eluhlaza <2 50-60 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-ABGL eluhlaza <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Okuhlaza DB 0.5-2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
I-A3GM eluhlaza 2-5 55-60 6.0- 7.0 5-15
I-Aludye Yellow Yellow FD 0.5-5 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-FLY Ephuzi 0.2-5 50-60 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-DRL ephuzi 0.5-2 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-10
Okuphuzi GR 0.2-2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
I-DGL Ephuzi 0.2-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
I-3RF ephuzi 0.5-5 55-60 4.5-5.5 5-10
I-YBL ephuzi 0.2-2 50-55 5.0 – 5.5 5-15 Okuphuzi
umzukulu 0.5-2 55-60 5.5-6.5 5-10
I-2GL ephuzi 1-2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-GLL ephuzi <2 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Okuphuzi Okukhanyayo ALNW 1-2 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
I-Aludye Orange Gold D2GL 0.1-2 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-15
Iwolintshi GR 0.1-2 50-55 5.5-6.5 5-10
Igolide G 2 27-60 5.5-6.5 1- 10
I-Orenji SRL 2-5 50-55 5.5-6.5 1-10
I-Orenji BES <2 50-55 4.5-5.5 5-10
I-GNS ewolintshi 0.5-5 50-55 5.5-6.0 5-10
Aludye Blue Lake Blue AB 1-2 50-55 4.5-5.0 5-15
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 2LW 0.5-2 55 5.5-6.0 5-15
I-GBL eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 1-2 50-55 4.5-5.5 5-15
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 2AL 1-2 50-55 4.5 5-15
I-Navy Blue NBL 1-2 55 5.8 5-15
I-Turquoise Blue GB 0.5-2 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-15
I-Aludye Grey Grey MBL 0.5-2 55-60 6.0-7.0 5-10
I-BRL empunga 0.5-1 50-55 6.0-7.0 5-10
Okumpunga 2BL 0.1-1 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-10
I-ABL empunga 0.5-10 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-20
Gray GBL 0.5-2 55-60 5.5-6.0 5-10
Grey VA 0.5-1 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-10
I-G2RC empunga 1-10 55-60 5.0-6.0 5-15
Okumpunga GR 1-10 50-55 5.0-5.5 5-15
Grey GL 2-5 55-60 6.0-6.5 5-10
I-Aludye Bronze Bronze 2LW 2-5 55-60 4.0- 5.0 5-10