3000 series aluminiyam sheet sheet ingxubevange yentsimbi
I. Izinto ezisisiseko zeSayensi yeMathiriyeli kunye ne-Alloy Positioning
1.1 Ulwahlulo lwe-alloy kunye neendlela zokomeleza
I 3000 series aluminiyam ingxubevange yeyele IAluminiyam-Manganese (Al-mn) inkqubokwaye ihlelwa njenge ingxubevange yealuminiyam enganyangekiyokwiinkqubo zokutyunjwa kwe-alloy yamazwe ngamazwe. Iindlela ezingundoqo zokomeleza zithembele Isimo sengqondo esiqinileyo somelezakwaye I-Surin ihle (ukusebenza nzima).
Kolu ngcelele, manganese (Mnu) isebenza njengento ephambili yokudibanisa. Iradiyasi yayo yeathom inkulu kune-aluminiyam (Al). Xa iiathom zikaMn zinyibilika kwiletileti ye-cubic ephakathi kobuso ye-aluminiyam matrix., babangela ukugqwetheka kweleti. Oku kugqwetheka akuthinteli kuphela intshukumo yokususa, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa kakhulu amandla esivuno kunye namandla okuqina kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kodwa kwakhona iphucula ngakumbi iipropathi ezipheleleyo zoomatshini ngokucokisa ukwakheka kweenkozo.
1.2 IiPropati eziPhambili zoMzimba kunye nezeMichiza
- Ukuxinana: Ngokumalunga 2.73 g/cm³ (ngaphezulu kancinane kune 2.70 g/cm³ yealuminiyam esulungekileyo).
- Uluhlu lokunyibilika: Malunga nama-643°C – 654°C.
- I-Thermal Conductivity: Ngokumalunga 192 W /(m · k), ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu.
- Iipropati ze-Electrochemical: Ekubeni amandla e-electrode esemgangathweni yemanganese (-1.18V) isondele kakhulu kuleyo yealuminiyam (-1.66V), isisombululo esiqinileyo esenziwe phakathi kwabo asivelisi umahluko obonakalayo onokuthi ubekho ngexesha lokubola kwe-electrochemical. Oku kunika 3000 series aluminiyam ingxubevange egqwesileyo ukumelana microstructural kumhlwa yasekhaya (ezinje ngemingxuma kunye nomhlwa).
II. Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwamaBanga aPhambili kunye noQhathaniso lweParameter
I 3000 series ibandakanya amabakala amaninzi ephuma. Umahluko wabo wokwenziwa komsebenzi umiselwa ngokuyintloko kukudityaniswa kwezinto zokulandelela (njenge-magnesium, ubhedu, kunye nesilicon). Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo olunzulu lwamabakala aqhelekileyo kunye nothelekiso oluneenkcukacha lweparamitha.
2.1 Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu zeBanga eliPhambili
| Ibanga | Iimpawu eziphambili zoKuqulunqa | IiPropati ezingundoqo zoomatshini | Ukuma kweSicelo esiQhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3003 | Mnu (1.0~1.5%) | Eyona nto ilungileyo ukumila. Unomlinganiselo ogqwesileyo womzobo onzulu kunye ne-ductility. | I-Cookiwation, amaphiko okutshintsha ubushushu, iitanki zamafutha, iimpawu zendlela, iindawo ezinesitampu. |
| 3004 | Mnu (1.0~1.5%) + Mg (0.8~1.3%) | Amandla aPhakathi-Phezulu. Ukongezwa kwe-magnesium kubonelela ngesisombululo esiqinileyo sokuqinisa. | Imizimba yetoti yesiselo, Uphahla lwesakhiwo esiphakamileyo / iindonga, Izigqubuthelo zesibonisi esikhanyayo. |
| 3104 | Mnu (0.8~1.4%) + Mg (0.8~1.3%) | Ibhalansi yokwakheka okuphezulu kunye namandla. Ihlala isetyenziselwa iinkqubo zoku-ayina eludongeni. | Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwishishini lokunkonkxa (I-E.G., imizimba yesiselo). |
| 3105 | Mnu (0.3~0.8%) + Mg (0.2~0.8%) + Cu (0.05~0.25%) | Excellent umphezulu ukutyabeka adhesion. Ukwenziwa okuhle, amandla aphakathi. | Ukwakha iinkqubo zophahla/udonga, iisilingi, iimfama, iminqwazi yebhotile. |
| 3005 | Mnu (1.0~1.5%) + Mg (0.2~0.6%) | Ukunganyangeki kweCorrosion. Amandla angaphezulu kancinci kune 3003, ukukwazi ukuthwala kakuhle. | Ukwakha iipaneli zodonga lwangaphandle, Izibiyeli zeradiyetha ye-AC, iindawo ezijikelezileyo. |
2.2 Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iParameter yePropati eneenkcukacha
Phawula: Idatha elandelayo ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo; ukusebenza kwangempela kuchatshazelwa yiteknoloji yokucubungula kunye nemeko yonyango lokushisa.
| IBanga le-alloy | Ukucaphuka | Tensile strength (MPa) | Unikeze Amandla (MPa) | Ukwandiswa ngexesha lekhefu (%) | Ukuqina (HB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3003 | O | 95 – 130 | ≥ 35 | ≥ 25 | 28 – 35 |
| H14 | 140 – 180 | ≥ 115 | ≥ 8 | 40 – 50 | |
| H18 | 185 – 220 | ≥ 165 | ≥ 4 | 55 – 65 | |
| 3004 | O | 150 – 200 | ≥ 60 | ≥ 17 | 45 – 55 |
| H34 | 220 – 270 | ≥ 170 | ≥ 8 | 65 – 75 | |
| H38 | 290 – 340 | ≥ 250 | ≥ 4 | 85 – 95 | |
| 3105 | O | 90 – 150 | ≥ 35 | ≥ 20 | 25 – 35 |
| H24 | 130 – 180 | ≥ 105 | ≥ 8 | 40 – 50 | |
| 5052 (Iqela lolawulo) | H32 | 210 – 260 | ≥ 130 | ≥ 12 | 60 – 70 |
III. I-Microstructure kunye ne-Work Hardening Behavior
3.1 I-Exponent yokuqinisa umsebenzi (n-ixabiso) kunye nePlastiki Strain Ratio (r-ixabiso)
Iiparamitha ezimbini eziphambili zibalulekile xa kuvavanywa umda wokwenza 3000 uthotho ialloys aluminiyam:
- I-Exponent yokuqinisa umsebenzi (n-ixabiso): 3000 uthotho (ngakumbi 3003-O) ibonisa ixabiso elingu-n eliphezulu, oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kusanda, amandla e-tensile yendawo yezinto aphakama ngokukhawuleza. Olu phawu luthintela ngokufanelekileyo “ukulunga” ngexesha lokuzolula kwaye ngundoqo ekufezekiseni umzobo onzulu kakhulu.
- Plastic Strain Ratio (r-ixabiso): Imele ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa i-deformation kwicala lobunzima. Ixabiso le-r le 3003 Ingxubevange yealuminiyam ikholisa ukuba nkulu kune 1, ebonisa ukuba umthamo wayo wokuguqula ngaphakathi kwinqwelomoya uphezulu kumandla ayo okunciphisa kwicala lobunzima. Oku kubalulekile ekwenzeni iindawo ezinesitampu ezintsonkothileyo ezingaqhekiyo (njenge-arc esezantsi ye-cookware).
3.2 I-Anisotropy kunye nempembelelo yayo
Ngenxa yokuba iinkozo zoluswa ecaleni kwendlela yokuqengqeleka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka kunye nokwenza izinto, 3000 iipleyiti ze-aluminiyam ezicacileyo zibonisa i-anisotropy. Ngexesha lokucubungula nzulu (njengeemvavanyo zekomityi), le anisotropy ibangela ubude obungalinganiyo kwincam zeworkpiece, yaziwa rhoqo njengoko “icici.”
- Indlela yokulawula: Ngokulungisa iiparameters zenkqubo eshushu yokuqengqeleka phambi kokubanda (njengokugqiba ubushushu) kunye neenkqubo zokuthomalalisa eziphakathi, I-crystallization textures ingaba buthathaka ngokufanelekileyo, ukulawula izinga lokuvalelwa ngaphakathi kwe-3% ~5%, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswa izinto ezilahliweyo kunye nokuphucula amazinga esivuno.
Iv. IiNkqubo zeMveliso ezingundoqo kunye noLawulo lweMicrostructure
4.1 Ukuphosa kunye ne-Homogenization Annealing
- Ukuphola ngokuthe ngqo (Dc): Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iibhilithi ezishushu ezishushu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Emva kokudubula, Ubushushu obuphezulu be-homogenization annealing kufuneka yenziwe (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwama-560°C-620°C) ukuphelisa ulwahlulo lwe-dendritic, i-spheroidize izigaba zokungalingani (njenge Al₆Mn), kwaye usasaze ngokufanayo ukukhusela izakhiwo ezibhanti ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okulandelayo.
- I-Rolling eqhubekayo (CC): Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siqina ngokuthe ngqo kwii-6-10mm ezingenanto phakathi kweerola ezipholileyo ngamanzi. Le ndlela inezinga lokupholisa elikhawuleza kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi °C/sec), okukhokelela kwiikhompawundi ezintle kakhulu ze-intermetallic, kodwa inengxaki yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubalulekileyo kunye nolwahlulo lokwakheka. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipleyiti eziqhelekileyo ezineemfuno ezisezantsi zokugqiba umphezulu kunye nomzobo onzulu.
4.2 I-Cold Rolling kunye ne-Intermediate Annealing
Ireyithi yokunciphisa ebandayo iyonke ye 3000 ii-alloys series zidla ngokufikelela 70%-90%. Ukuba i-annealing ephakathi (I-E.G., 300°C-400°C) lwenziwa ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okubandayo okudlula okuninzi, izinto ezisebenza nzima zinokuphinda ziqaqambe, ukubuyisela iplastiki kunye nexabiso le-n. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimathiriyeli yokuzoba nzulu efuna ukuguqulwa okubalulekileyo (ezifana nestokhwe).
V. Ukuqhubekeka, Ukubumba, kunye neziKhokelo zokuDibana
5.1 Iingcebiso zeParameter yeNkqubo yokuqulunqa
| Qhagamshela | I-alloy ecetyiswayo & Ukucaphuka | Amanqaku eNkqubo ePhambili |
|---|---|---|
| UMzobo oNzulu | 3003-O, 3104-O | Die clearance isetiwe 1.1-1.2 amaxesha ubukhulu sheet; amandla okubamba angenanto afuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo ukunqanda ukushwabana; ioli yokudweba i-viscosity ephezulu iyacetyiswa. |
| Ukugoba uMoya | 3003-H14, 3004-H34 | Ubuncinci beradiyasi yokugoba (R/t) kucetyiswa ukuba ilawulwe phakathi 1.5-2.0. Ubushushu be-H bubonisa i-springback ngexesha lokugoba; i-engile yembuyekezo (ngokuqhelekileyo 2 ° -5 °) kufuneka igcinwe. |
| Ukujikeleza | 3003-O | Ilungele ukwenza amalungu omzimba ajikelezayo anje ngelampshades kunye neziphelo ezivuthayo. Izinga lokutya akufuneki likhawuleze kakhulu ukunqanda uburhabaxa bomphezulu obubangelwa kukufudumala okugqithisileyo kwendawo. |
5.2 IiNkcazo zeNkqubo yeWelding
3000 uthotho lwealloys aluminiyam zineweldability elungileyo kwaye azithandeki kangako ekuqhekekeni okushushu.
- TIG Welding (Irhasi yeTungsten Arc Welding): Ubonelelo lwamandla e-AC luyacetyiswa. Ucingo lokuzalisa kufuneka lukhethwe ukuze luhambelane nesiseko sesinyithi, njenge-ER3003 okanye i-ER4043 (umxholo ophezulu we-silicon, ulwelo oluhle, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okunamandla). Iifilimu ze-oxide kwi-groove kunye namacala omabini kufuneka asuswe ngokucokisekileyo phambi kwe-welding (iibhrashi zocingo ezingenasici zingasetyenziswa).
- MIG Welding (Ukuwelda kweGas Metal Arc): Ifanelekile kwi-welding ezenzekelayo yeepleyiti ezinobunzima obuphakathi. Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity ephezulu ye-aluminium, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili (60°C-100°C) iyafuneka kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo (>6mm).
- I-Resistance Welding (I-Spot Welding / i-Seam Welding): Umphezulu unefilimu yokumelana ne-oxide ephezulu ekufuneka ibekho “kuqhunyiswa” coca ngokuphezulu ngoku phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-electrode. Kucetyiswa ii-electrode ze-alloy ze-Copper ezineziphelo ezingqukuva, ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-electrode ephezulu (ukwanda nge 30%-50% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi).
VI. Iziphene zeMveliso eziQhelekileyo kunye nokuHlalutya ukuFaila
Ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangempela, 3000 iipleyiti ze-aluminiyam ezilandelelanayo zinokudibana nale miba ilandelayo kunye nezisombululo:
- Iintlobo zeStretcher / Imigca yeLüders
- Isiganeko: Imigca yediagonal ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ivela kumphezulu wephepha emva komzobo ongekho nzulu okanye ukugoba.
- Unobangela: Izinto eziphathekayo ziphuhliswe iibhendi zeLüders ngexesha lokuhamba kwesikhumba kunye nokunciphisa okuncinci.
- Isisombululo: Khetha iipleyiti ezolulelwe kwangaphambili, okanye enze 1%-2% ukuqengqeleka okubandayo okuncinci (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo kwesibini) phambi kokuba ugximfize isitampu ukuze kupheliswe indawo yesivuno.
- I-Orenji Peel
- Isiganeko: Umphezulu wecandelo elinzulu libonisa ukuthungwa okukrakra okufana ne-orange peel.
- Unobangela: Iinkozo zezinto eziziinkozo zirhabaxa kakhulu, okanye amasuntswana esigaba sesibini asasazwa ngokulinganayo, okukhokelela kuguquko olungalungelelanisiweyo.
- Isisombululo: Funa umthengisi ukuba abonelele ngemathiriyeli ecolekileyo (I-astm 1-3 Ibanga) kunye nokulawula ukuguqulwa kwesitampu phakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
- Isiganeko: I-Brittle fracture phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo soxinzelelo lwe-tensile kunye nemithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo.
- Unobangela: Ukuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo emva kokusebenza okubandayo akuzange kupheliswe.
- Isisombululo: Yenza isiqabu soxinzelelo lobushushu obuphantsi kwiindawo ezibandayo (120°C-150°C, ukubamba 1-2 iiyure).
VII. Unyango loMphezulu kunye neTekhnoloji yokuLwa nokuMhlwa
7.1 UNyango lokuguqulwa kwemichiza (I-Chromating / Ukunyamezela)
Ngaphambi kokupeyinta, 3000 iipleyiti ze-aluminiyam zihlala zifuna i-chromate okanye iinkqubo ze-chrome-free passivation ukuvelisa ifilimu yokuguqula i-nanoscale. Le filimu ayiphuculi kuphela amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwe-substrate kunye neengubo eziphilayo (njengepeyinti yeFluorocarbon yePVDF) ukufikelela kwinqanaba elisemgangathweni 0 kodwa ikwasebenza njengesithintelo kwizigaba zecathodic, ukucotha ukuhlwa kwegalvanic.
7.2 Anodizing
Nangona 3000 series ayivelisi iyunifomu, iifilim ezicwebezelayo ze-anodic ngokulula njenge 1000 okanye 6000 uthotho, ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte formulations ekhethekileyo (ezifana nezisombululo ze-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-asidi eyongeziweyo ye-organic) kunye ne-AC/DC yonikezelo lombane oluphezulu, 3004 ii-alloys zisenokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-wear-resistant, insulating oxide coatings, ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa kwi-5-20μm ubukhulu.
VIII. Uphuhliso oluZinzileyo kunye neeNdlela zokuSebenza eziPhambili
8.1 UVavanyo-Loop Recycling kunye noVavanyo lweMjikelo woBomi (I-LCA)
3000 uthotho lwealloyi zealuminiyam zinokuphinda zisebenze okugqwesileyo. Xa ichithiwe 3000 uthotho aluminiyam iyanyibilika, iziqalelo zayo zendalo zokuhlanganisa (ngakumbi imanganese) ungatshi nje kuphela kodwa usebenze njenge-deoxidizers kunye ne-alloying agents. Xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yokuqala ye-aluminium, usebenzisa i-aluminiyam ye-scrap yokunyibilikisa kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga 95%, ukwenza i 3000 uthotho imathiriyeli yomgangatho wokuziqhelanisa “ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni” usukelo.
8.2 IziThuthi zaMandla amatsha kunye neTekhnoloji yeBattery
Ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwamandla ebhetri, Iimfuno zokulahla ubushushu kunye nokhuseleko lweengxowa zebhetri ziya zisiba nzima. Ukusebenzisa i-thermal conductivity yayo elungileyo, amandla aphakathi, kunye nenkqubo yokuzoba enzulu, 3003 ialuminiyam ingxubevange ngokuthe ngcembe ibuyisela ezinye iintsimbi zemveli ukuze zibe zezona zinto ziphambili kumaqokobhe ebhetri anamandla asisikwere kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokupholisa ulwelo olushushu..
8.3 Iipleyiti ze-Aluminiyam eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji edibeneyo yokuqengqeleka, 3003 ialluminiyam ialloy isetyenziswa njengomaleko ongundoqo, ifakwe kumacala omabini nge-aluminiyam ecocekileyo (1070) okanye i-zinc yedini ye-anode material ukwenza iipleyiti ezihlanganisiweyo zomaleko amathathu. Esi sixhobo sibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kokhuseleko lwe-electrochemical kunye namandla olwakhiwo kwizixhobo zokucoca amanzi olwandle kunye neetanki ezikhethekileyo zokugcina imichiza..
IX. Imibuzo ebuzwa qho (FAQ)
Q1: Ndikhetha njani phakathi 3003 kwaye 3004 amaphepha aluminiyam?
- A: Ngokukodwa kuxhomekeke kumandla kunye nesicelo. Ukuba uyayenza iindawo ezinesitampu, iitanki zamafutha, okanye izinto zokuphekaezingafuni amandla aphezulu oomatshini, khetha 3003 (ixabiso eliphezulu-ukusebenza, ukwakheka okugqwesileyo). Ukuba kufuneka wenze I-quiades zokwakha, iitoti zesiselo, okanye iindawo ezakhiweyo ezifuna ukumelana noxinzelelo oluthile, khetha 3004 (iqulethe i-magnesium, amandla aphezulu, ngcono ukumelana noxinzelelo lomoya).
Q2: Kutheni wam 3003 I-aluminiyam ipleyiti iyaqhekeka emva kokugoba?
- A: Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa zizizathu ezithathu: ① Umsindo ongalunganga ukhethiwe: Ukuba uthenge i-H18 (umsindo onzima ogcweleyo), ubude buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukugoba ngenkani kuya kubangela ukuqhekeka. Tshintshela kwi-H14 okanye i-O yomsindo. ② Ulwalathiso lwenkozo: Iipleyiti zeAluminiyam zinesalathiso sokuqengqeleka; ukugoba kwi-perpendicular ukuya kwicala lokuqengqeleka kuthanda ukuqhekeka. Zama ukugoba ngokuhambelana neenkozo. ③ Ukungcola okugqithisileyo: Iipleyiti ze-aluminiyam ezikumgangatho ophantsi zinokuqulatha ukungcola okuninzi okubangela ukonyuka kobuqhophololo.
Q3: Ngaba 3000 iipleyiti aluminiyam series zisetyenziswe emanzini olwandle?
- A: Ayikhuthazwa ukuntywiliselwa ixesha elide. Nangona 3000 uthotho luyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kune 1000 uthotho, ukumelana kwayo nomhlwa kuphantsi kakhulu 5000 uthotho (Al-mg) ialloys kwindawo ezityebileyo zamanzi olwandle ngekloridi-ion. Ukuba kuyafuneka, nzima iingubo ze-epoxyokanye ukhuseleko lwe-anode yedinikufuneka isetyenziswe.
Q4: Kukho ioyile eninzi kumphezulu wepleyiti yealuminiyam. Ngaba kufuneka ndiyicoce ngaphambi kokuba ndiyisebenzise?
- A: Ukucoca kunyanzelekile. Ii-oyile eziqengqelekayo kunye ne-oyile yokuthambisa, ukuba ayisuswanga, iya kubangela i-welding porosity, ukutyabeka ukuxobula, okanye amabala anodizing. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umatshini okhethekileyo isicoci se-aluminiyamokanye i-acetone yokucoca. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izicoci zealkaline ezomeleleyo ukunqanda ukubola komphezulu.
Q5: Indlela yokwahlula ngokukhawuleza phakathi 3003 kwaye 5052 Iipleyiti ze-aluminium?
- A: Eyona ndlela ilula kakhulu ubunzima. 5052-I-H32 idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuyigoba ngesandla, nge-springback ebalulekileyo; 3003-I-H14 ithe chu kwaye ibonisa uguquko olucacileyo lweplastiki phantsi kwamandla, kunye ne-springback encinci. Ukongeza, 5052 ivelisa iintlantsi ezimbalwa ezibomvu mnyama xa kusila, ngelixa 3003 iintlantsi zimhlophe ngokuqaqambileyo (kumgwebo oncedisayo kuphela; ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo lufuna uhlalutyo lwe-spectral).